Theme A

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Theme A Modernisation and Transformation in
Twentieth-Century Asia
(3) (ii) Southeast Asia from colonies to
independent countries Hong Kong Association of
History Educators St. Catharines School For
Girls, Kwun Tong Lam Mei Yee, Maggie
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Issue What is the focus in teaching Southeast
Asian history?
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Modernisation and Transformation of Japan and
Southeast Asia
Japan
Southeast Asia from colonies to independent
countries
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(1) Description of the general situation of
Southeast Asia in the first half of the 20th
century, focusing on the impact of western
colonisation of the region
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The White Mans Burden
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Colonial Powers and Colonies in Southeast Asia
Colonial Powers Colonies in Southeast Asia
The USA The Philippines
Britain Burma Malaya Singapore
France Indochina (Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos)
The Netherlands Dutch East Indies (Indonesia)
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Conditions in Southeast Asia during WWII
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People of the Southern Region
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(No Transcript)
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• (2) Reasons for decolonisation of Southeast Asian
  countries
• Internal reasons
• External reasons

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How much do students know about the independence
movements in Southeast Asia?

• Are they required to depict the independence
  movements in Southeast Asia one by one?

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• (3) Major Patterns of Independence Movements
• Different methods in achieving independence
• Main features of post-colonial developments

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Different Methods of Independence Movements

• Through armed struggle (French Indochina Dutch
  East Indies)
• Setting up of an autonomous government (Burma
  Malaya)
• Setting up of a caretaker government (The
  Philippines)

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Means in Achieving Independence

• Violent means (French Indochina and Dutch East
  Indies)
• Peaceful means (Burma, Malaya and the
  Philippines)

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Main features of post-colonial developments

• Internal and external developments of Southeast
  Asia in general
• Relationship and link with other countries,
  (i.e. Japan, Southeast Asian countries)

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General Conditions of Colonies in Southeast Asia
Source http//www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/11/sse/h
t11sse.htm
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The Evolution of the ASEAN
The Trend towards Regional Cooperation
The Broad Trend of Global Cooperation
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1955 --- SEATO
1961 --- ASA
1963 --- The Maphilindo
1967 --- ASEAN
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Logo of ASEAN
Source http//www.ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logo_ASE
AN
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Source http//www.asean.or.jp/general/publish
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ASEAN Map
Source http//www.33ff.com/my_resources/ASEAN_map
s/asean_images/image13.htm
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Skeleton in ASEAN Closet
http//
Source http//www.caglepost.com/cartoon/PareshNa
th/44080/SkeletoninASEANcloset.html
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What is the cartoonists attitude towards the
Treaty of Amity?
Source http//www.nicholsoncartoons.com.au/cartoo
n_3216.html
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The Trend towards Regional Cooperation

• Neutrality from 1967-75
• 1971 --- Issued the Zone of Peace, Freedom and
  Neutrality Declaration

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The Trend towards Regional Cooperation (Contd)

• Active participation in regional affairs from
  1976 onwards
• --- 1976 Treaty of Amity and Cooperation in
  Southeast Asia (economic cooperation)
• --- Joint military rehearsals and exchanges of
  military intelligence (military cooperation)
• ---1991 ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA)

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The Broad Trend of Global Cooperation

• 1989 --- The Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation
  (APEC)
• 1994 --- The ASEAN Regional Forum (AFR)

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Source http//www.answers.com/topic/asia-pacific-
economic-cooperation
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Comparison between HKCE History and HKDSE History
HKCE HKDSE
The result of western colonisation of Southeast Asia was one of the reasons leading to decolonisation in Southeast Asia. There will be an emphasis on the legacy of Western colonialism.
There is no need to examine the main features of post-colonial developments. There will be an emphasis on the main features of post-colonial developments.
This component forms a part in both data-based questions and essay-type questions. This component will only be examined in Paper 2, i.e. essay-type questions.