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n = 1, 2, 3,

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Title: n = 1, 2, 3,


1
??????????????????????????????? (Energy State and
Term Symbol)
???????????????????? 1 ??????
???? H ?????????????
n 1, 2, 3, .a l 0, 1, 2, (n-1) ml
-1, 01 s 1/2
2
??????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????? ???????????
1. ??????????????????????????????????????????
(coupling of orbital angular momenta)
?????????????????????? ???????????? orbital
angular momenta ???????????? ??? L
??????????????????????????? l ????????????????? ?
?????? ???????????????? vector
L l1l2, l1l2-1, l1l2-2 l1-l2
??? L ??????????? l1-l2 ???? p2
?????????????????????????? l1
3
L 11, 11-1, 11-2 1-1 2,1,0
??? L ????????????????????????? (Energy state)
???????? (????????????????????? l)
????????????????????????????????????????
??? L 0 1 2 3 4 5 ???? S P D F G
H
??????????????? ??????? ml ????? ML ??? ML
-L.0.L ?? 2L1 ??? ????????? ML
ml1ml2..mln
4
2. ?????????????????????????????????????
(Coupling of spin angular momenta)
S Si MS -S0S ?? 2S1 ???
?????????
MS ms1 ms2msn
5
3. ????????? LS (Russel-Saunders Coupling)
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????? ?????????????????
???????? total angular momentum quantum number
(J) ?????????????????????? vector ?????? L ??? S
J LS, LS1, LS2 L-S
????? 2S1 ??????????????? multiplicity
??????? ???? ??? L2, S1
J 3, 2, 1 (????? 2S13???)
6
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????? 2S1LJ
??? L 0 --gt S ???? L 1 --gt P ????
L 2 --gt D ???? ???????
???????? (1) Li 1S2 2S1
????????????????????????? ???????????????? 1
???????? 2S
7
L l1 0 --gt ??? S ???? S s1 1/2 J
LS,, L-S 1/2,.,1/2
??? multiplicity ??????? 2S1 2
Li ?????????????????????? 2S1/2
8
(2) Be 1S2 2S2
L l1l2 00 0 --gt ??? S ???? S Si
s1s2 1/2-1/2 0 J LS,, L-S 0
1/2,.,1/2
multiplicity 2S1 1
??????????????????????? Be ???? 1S0
9
(3) B 1S2 2S2 2p1
L l1 1 --gt ??? P ???? S Si s1 1/2 J
3/2,1/2, ... 1/2
??? J ??????????? L-S ????????????????????????
?
J 3/2, 1/2
??? multiplicity 2S1 (2x1/2)12
??????????????????????? B 2P3/2 ??? 2P1/2
10
(4) d1
L l1 2 --gt ??? D ???? S 1/2 J 5/2, 3/2,
1/2, ...3/2 J 5/2 ??? 3/2
??? multiplicity 2S1 2
??????????????????????? 2D5/2 ??? 2D3/2
11
??????????????????????????????? p ??? d
????????? (?????? s2) ????????????????????????????
???????? ?????????????????????????????????????????
????????????????????? ???? p2 p4 d6 d2 d3 ???????
??????????????????? microstate
?????????????????????????????? ???????????????????
???? p2 ?????????
???????? microstate ???????????????????????
????????????????????????????????? p2 ??????? 3
??????? 1S3P ???1D ???????????????????????????????
? ????? 3P ??????????????????????? multiplicity
?????? ??????????????? 2 ??? 1D ??? 1S ??
multiplicity ??????? ????????? L ???
?????????????????? ?????? ???? 1D
???????????????? 1S
12
????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????? ???????? 1.
???????????? (effective atomic radii) 2.
Ionization energy 3. Electron affinity 4.
Magnetic properties 5. Electronegativity ?????
?????????????????????????????????????????????
(effective nuclear charge, Z ???? Zeff)
13
????????????????????????? (Zeff)
???????????????? (sheilding) ????????????????? ???
???????????? ??????????????????????????
??????? (sheilding)
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????? ??????????????????
???????????
14
???????????????????????????????????????????
1-2 ???????? (????????????????? Li 3)
???????????????????????????? Li
??????????????????????????? ?????????????????????
????????????
Z Z-s
s sheilding ???? screening constant
??????? ???????????? 2s ??? Li ?????? net
nuclear charge ???? effective nuclear charge
??????? Z
15
??????????????????? 2s-?????????
??????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????? p ???
d-????????? ???????????? s-??????????????????????
??????? ????? Slater ??????????????????????????
???? shielding constant ????????????? Z
????????????????????????????????? ????????????
s ???? p-????????? ?????????????????????????????
? ????? ?????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????? Z
???????????????????????????? slater
16
Effective Atomic Radii
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????
???? H2 ??????????????????????? 0.74
A effective atomic radii 0.37 A
???????????? IE, EA ??? electronegativity
???????? ????????? Zeff ???????
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