Urban Landscapes

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Urban Landscapes
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The Urban Landscape

• The Canadian urban landscape has changed
  dramatically since Confederation.
• In 1867, 18 of Canadians lived in Cities.
• Today, approximately 85 of Canadians live in
  cities.
• Why the change?
• 1) Farming and Forestry became mechanized
• 2) Unemployed people moved to cities for work
• 3) Urban areas became centers of manufacturing
• 4) Due to higher populations, service industries
  arose in cities. (e.g. travel agencies,
  marketing firms)

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Five Important Terms

• 1) Hinterland areas in the countryside that
  trade products for goods and services produced in
  the city. (area that surrounds the city)
• 2) Basic Industries industries that bring money
  into a community.
• (e.g. forestry, tourism)
• 3) Non-basic Industries industries that set-up
  around basic industries. Meant to serve the
  needs of those who work in basic industries.
  (e.g. restaurants, malls, grocery stores)
• 4) Economic Base the combination of a
  communities' basic industries.
• 5) Multiplier Effect the loss or gain of three
  non-basic jobs as a result of the loss or gain of
  one basic industry job.
• e.g. local auto manufacturing plant closes. 300
  jobs are lost in the basic industry of auto
  manufacturing. 900 jobs are lost in local
  non-basic industries, for a total job loss of
  1200.

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Urban and Rural Interactions

• There has been significant movement of people in
  Canada between urban and rural areas over time.
  In most cases, people in rural areas live in a
  hamlet, village, or town. People in urban areas
  live in a suburb, city, or metropolis. These
  different types of places to live are known as
  the urban hierarchy (each one is a larger
  settlement going up the line than the one before
  it).

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Urban Hierarchy

• hamlet village town suburb city
  metropolis

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Urban Hierarchy

• German geographer Walter Christaller created the
  central place theory, based on the number of
  people needed to keep a store in business.
• The minimum number of customers is known as a
  threshold population.
• There are three orders of goods (products)

Type Description
High-Order Available only in cities childrens hospital, professional sports team, national news agency
Middle-Order Available in larger towns and smaller cities clothing store, doctors office
Low-Order Available even in very small towns post office, restaurant
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Urban Hierarchy

• Does Christallers theory work in the real
  world?
• Lets take a look at a map of southcentral
  Ontario and see if we can apply his theory to the
  settlements that exist here. (p.66 in Atlas)
• Draw lines on the base map according to this
  legend

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Lake Huron
Lake Ontario
Lake Erie
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Lake Huron
Mississauga
Kitchener-Waterloo
Oakville
Burlington
Cambridge
Lake Ontario
Hamilton
London
Lake Erie
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Urbanization

• Urbanization is the movement of people UP the
  urban hierarchy. This has been the main
  migration pattern of Canadians since the creation
  of our country.
• The chart below illustrates the overall
  percentage of Canadas population living in rural
  and urban areas.

Year Urban Rural
1853 15 85
1908 50 50
2001 85 15
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Types of Urban Places

• p.239-244 in Text
• i) Outline each type of urban place
• ii) For each type, provide an example