Marine Invertebrates

1
Marine Invertebrates (Part 3)
2
Phylogenetics
simple ----------------------------? complex
3
Lophophorates

• Common feeding structure lophophore (ciliated
  tentacles in rounded shape)
• Three phyla
• Phoronida (worm-like)
• Brachiopoda (clam-like)
• Bryozoa/Ectoprocta (coral-like)

4
Bryozoans
zooids
http//www.dnr.sc.gov/marine/sertc/gallery.htm
http//www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/micropolitan/fresh
/other/bryozoa.jpg
5
Bryozoans
http//dominique.millet2.free.fr/image/inver21a.jp
g
http//www.nhm.ac.uk/research-curation/research/pr
ojects/bryozoans/images/pdt2.jpg
http//files.myopera.com/nielsol/blog/stevns.jpg
6
Arrow Worms

• Phylum Chaetognatha
• only marine
• few species
• but abundant
• important predators

http//pharyngula.org/images/chaetognathhead.jpg
http//www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/imgjan00/CHAET
2b.JPG
7
Echinoderms

• Phylum Echinodermata (spiny skinned)
• All are marine
• Larvae have bilateral symmetry, but adults have
  5-way radial symmetry

http//raven.zoology.washington.edu/embryos/
8
Echinoderms

• Distinctive features water vascular system and
  tube feet (hydraulic)

http//aspire.mlml.calstate.edu/aspire04/updates/n
ov/25nov/Acodontaster20tube20feet-reduced.jpg
http//www.vsf.cape.com/jdale/science/movement.ht
m
9
Echinoderms

• Five classes
• Asteroidea - Sea stars (starfish)
• Ophiuroidea - Brittle stars
• Echinoidea - Sea urchins
• Holothuroidea - Sea cucumbers
• Crinoidea - Crinoids (sea lilies, feather stars)

10
Sea Stars
http//www.jaxshells.org/wmf52.jpg
http//www.habitas.org.uk/marinelife/index.html
http//www.dnr.sc.gov/marine/sertc/gallery.htm
11
Sea Stars
12
Sea Stars
NOAA
http//farm1.static.flickr.com/44/140565077_c0501c
33c3.jpg?v0
http//static.px.yelp.com/bphoto/XrIxRtWzS1GCygpOw
32LlQ/l
13
Brittle Stars
http//www.dnr.sc.gov/marine/sertc/gallery.htm
http//scilib.ucsd.edu/sio/nsf/fguide/paul-cziko-a
strotoma1.jpg
http//www.biosbcc.net/ocean/marinesci/03ecology/f
limg/10835treDSCN6008.jpg
14
Sea Urchins
http//www.edge-of-reef.com/echinoidi/ECHheterocen
trotus-mamm1.jpg
http//www.jaxshells.org/mayp3.jpg, test.jpg
15
Sea Urchins
http//www.marinebio.net/marinescience/03ecology/f
limg/09924treDSCN7585.jpg
16
Sea Cucumbers
NOAA
http//www.dnr.sc.gov/marine/sertc/gallery.htm
http//elvis.rowan.edu/greenspa/albums/okinawa_sc
uba_2004/IMG_4487.jpg
17
Crinoids
NOAA
NOAA
NOAA
http//www.jcu.edu.au/soc/dive/outer-reefs/128x96/
Crinoid20220June202002.jpg
18
Deep-Sea Echinoderms
NOAA
http//www.mar-eco.no/
http//www.whoi.edu/science/B/people/sbeaulieu/H2O
_new/H2O_echinoderms.html
19
Hemichordates

• Missing link between echinoderms and chordates
• Acorn worms

20
Hemichordates

• 2 common features with chordates

http//www.auburn.edu/academic/classes/zy/0301/Top
ic3/Topic3.html
http//www.mar-eco.no/
21
Invertebrate Chordates

• Phylum Chordata
• Subphylum Urochordata
• Tunicates, salps, larvaceans
• Subphylum Cephalochordata
• Lancelets
• Subphylum Vertebrata
• Fishes, amphibians
• Reptiles, birds
• Mammals

22
Invertebrate Chordates

• Common features of all chordates
• Dorsal (back) hollow nerve cord
• Notochord (flexible support rod, becomes
  backbone in vertebrates)
• Gill slits in the pharynx
• Post-anal tail
• Ventral heart

Human embryo 31-35 days
23
Tunicates (Sea Squirts)

• Phylum Chordata
• Subphylum Urochordata
• Have all chordate features as larva, lose most
  as adults
• Benthic as adults

24
Tunicates (Sea Squirts)
http//www.aboututila.com/Reviews/Charlie-Johnson/
Photos/Bluebell-Tunicates.jpg
http//img.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2008/02_03/seacre
atures2AP_600x578.jpg
25
Salps, Larvaceans

• Phylum Chordata
• Subphylum Urochordata
• Keep some/all chordate features as adults
• Planktonic

NOAA
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Lancelets

• Phylum Chordata
• Subphylum Cephalochordata
• Have all chordate features as adults, just lack
  backbone
• Benthic

http//bioweb.uwlax.edu/zoolab/Table_of_Contents/L
ab-9a/Lancelets/Lab_9a-03a.jpg
27
typo in 7th ed book (correct info here)
Level of organization Symmetry
Cellular None
Tissue Radial
Tissue Bi-radial
Organ system Bilateral
Organ system Bilateral
Organ system Bilateral
Organ system Bilateral
Organ system Bilateral
Organ system Bilateral
Organ system Radial (as adult)
Organ system Bilateral
Organ system Bilateral