Adaptations

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Adaptations

• EQ How can an organisms structure, behavior, or
  physiological adaptations be used to predict if
  the organism can survive in a particular
  environment? 
• SPI 0807.5.2

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What is an ADAPTATION?

• An adaptation is any characteristic that improves
  an individuals ability to survive and reproduce
  in a particular environment.
• All species have experienced adaptation and will
  continue to slowly adapt as the next generations
  are born.

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We can separate adaptations into 2
categories

1. Physical adaptations- changes to body structures
   that allow an animal to find and consume food,
   defend itself, and to reproduce.

- Physical adaptations help an animal survive in
its environment.
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Examples of Physical Adaptations

• Chameleon
• Camouflage- use of color in a surrounding

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WoodpeckerSharply- pointed beak to drill holes
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• Porcupine quills to protect against predators

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• Duck
• webbed feet

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Mimicry(looking or sounding like another living
organism)
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Chemical defenses (like venom, ink, sprays)
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• 2. Behavioral adaptations- The way an animal
  acts or behaves to stay alive.
• Behavioral Adaptations allow animals to respond
  to life needs.

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• Snowy Egret will stand still in the water with
  its wings stretched out, because fish are
  attracted to the shade.

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Migration
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Hibernation
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We can divide Behavioral Adaptations into two
groups

• 1. Instinctive behaviors happen naturally
  (passed on genetically) and dont need to be
  taught or learned.
• Examples Methods of gathering storing food,
  defending oneself, hibernating, migrating,
  raising young, finding shelter, etc.

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Examples of Instinctive Behaviors
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2. Learned Behaviors

• Learned behaviors come from experience and are
  not present in an animal at its birth.
• They are not born knowing how to do these things.
  

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Examples of Learned Behaviors
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Instinctive or Learned?
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Adaptations
Physical Adaptations
Behavioral Adaptations
Instinctive Behavior
Learned Behavior
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How do these adaptations occur?

• Discovery Channel Adaptations
• How Animals DO That

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Natural Selection

• All organisms need to reproduce to survive. The
  successful organisms pass on the genetic
  information of the surviving species from
  generation to generation.

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Mutations
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Galapagos IslandsCharles Darwin
The Galapagos Islands
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The Galapagos Finches An Example of Natural
Selection
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What to write in each box

1. The animal name
2. One adaptation
3. How this adaptation helps it to survive

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1. Find 1 physical adaptations. Write a P on that
   square.
2. Find 1 behavioral adaptations. Write a B on
   that square.
3. Find 1 instinctive behavior. Write an I on that
   square.
4. Find 1 learned behavior. Write an L on that
   square.

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Whiteboard Review
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Adaptation Applications Lions

• Why are the eyes of a lion set in front of the
  head rather than on the sides?

• Answer Eyes in front of the head allow for
  depth perception and ability to judge distances
  when hunting.

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Adaptation Applications Lions

• What is the purpose of the mane on a male lion?
  What is the reason for the lions color?

A thick mane helps the male to appear larger and
serves as protection for the throat. The tawny
brown coat color camouflages the animal and young
among vegetation.
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Adaptation Applications Giraffe

• Why are giraffes able to go for long periods of
  time without water?
• Answer Giraffes drink water when available, but
  can go weeks without it. They rely on morning dew
  and the water content of their food.

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Adaptation Applications Giraffe

• How are their long necks adapted to their
  lifestyle?
• Answer This extra length is thought to have
  adapted to help the giraffe spot predators and
  other giraffes in the distance. Interestingly,
  giraffes and humans have the same number of
  vertebrate in their necks.

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Adaptation Applications Zebras

• How do zebras defend themselves?

Capable of running up to 40 mph, zebras defend
themselves by kicking and biting. Coloration also
plays a role in evading predators, although
theories have not reached an agreement.
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Physical or Behavioral Adaptation?
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Camouflage
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Camouflage
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Zebra

• Their shiny coat reflects heat so they dont get
  too hot or dehydrated.

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Owl- Camouflage
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Owl Powerful talons are used to grab prey.
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OwlThey hoot to warn each other of danger.
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Zebra

• The families
• always stay
• together and
• they never get
• lost. This helps
• keep them safe.

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OWL

• They usually do not make their nests but use
  nests from other birds which makes it easy to
  move from one place to another.

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Zebra

• Kicks animals or runs away quickly to stay safe

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Alligator

• They have a membrane to protect their eyes.

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Alligator

• Baby alligators make a loud sound if they are in
  trouble.

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Great White Shark

• Its grey body blends in to the top of the water
  and its white blends into the sand

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Gorilla

• Gorillas have fingers to pick up food and babies

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Gorillas

• They walk on all fours using their knuckles on
  the ground so they can run really fast because
  they do not climb trees

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Alligator

• Alligators have green skin that help them blend
  in with the swampy water.

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Great White Sharks

• Their bodies dont have bones only cartilage
  which helps them move faster through the water