Evolution and Natural Selection

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Evolution and Natural Selection

• Evolution, Standard 8
• Evolution is the result of genetic changes that
  occur in constantly changing environments.

• Students KNOW how natural selection determines
  the differential survival of groups of organisms.
• Students KNOW a great diversity of species
  increases the chance that at least some organisms
  survive major changes in the environment.
• e. Students KNOW how to analyze fossil evidence
  with regard to biological diversity, episodic
  speciation and mass extinction.

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Evolution Video

• Write down the following questions under standard
  8.
• What was Charles Darwin's definition of
  evolution?
• Darwin said, All living things have the ability
  to ________, but ________ are limited, there is
  competition to find food and water, to mate and
  to _______.
• What type of virus changes every year to adapt to
  vaccines?
• How many muscles are in an elephants trunk?
• What are the in-between fossils called that
  transition from one animal to the next in
  evolution?
• Describe how ears of an elephant keep the African
  Elephants cool? How many gallons of blood can
  flow through the ears in 20 minutes?
• Describe artificial selection. Give 3 examples of
  dogs that have changed because of artificial
  selection.

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Evolution / Natural Selection

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• 2.
• 3.
• 4.
• 5.

• How did natural selection help Darwins Finches
  survive?

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Evolution and Natural Selection

• Charles Darwin

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Evolution and Natural Selection

• The Galapagos Islands

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Evolution and Natural Selection

• Darwins Finches
• As Charles Darwin ventured away from the boat to
  capture and view species on the island, he formed
  a hypothesis that the different finches evolved
  to be more successful at hunting and thus
  survived. This made Darwin Famous.

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Evolution and Natural Selection

• Darwins Finches
• He noticed that each bird had a different beak
  enabling it to be successful in collecting
  different types of food.
• Darwin proposed that all the finches came from
  one common ancestral finch.

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Evolution / Natural Selection

• 1.
• 2.
• 3.
• 4.
• 5.

• How did natural selection help Darwins Finches
  survive?

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Evolution / Natural Selection

• (write your own notes)

• Describe Natural Selection (moths as example)
• How does genetic diversity ensure some species
  will survive?

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Natural Selection in action

• INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
• In the 1800s there were 2 types of Pepper moth
  in England - a light colored variety and a dark
  colored variety. Both rested on light colored
  trees. The light colored moth flourished on the
  light colored tree, but as the industrial
  revolution took shape, TONS of carbon (black
  smoke) filled the air and covered the trees,
  turning them almost black.
• What do you think happened to the different
  populations of moth as the Industrial Revolution
  continued?

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Natural Selection in action

• INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
• 1845 -
• 1865 -
• 1890 -

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Natural Selection in action

• Peppered Moth
• Peppered moths have survived their environment
  because they produce both dark and
  light variations. Each
  adapt and survive better in
  different environments

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Daily Questions 10

1. Define natural selection in your own words.
2. Name at least 2 reasons you believe (or have
   heard) that dinosaurs have gone extinct.
3. Out of 100 of all the animals that ever existed,
   what of animals are alive today?
4. What type of organism do you think is the most
   abundant in the world?
5. Why do you think woodpeckers do not get
   concussions?
6. Name 5 animals with a SPECIFIC trait, that is
   unique to them that helps them survive.

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Evolution and Natural Selection

• Evolution
• Species transform much with their environment
  into being able to survive better. Natural
  Selection is the process by which species with
  favorable traits tend to survive better than
  those without. Here is a video of one such
  complex organism evolving.

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• Who would survive a catastrophe better? Dogs or
  Elephants?
• How many species of dogs do you think there are?
  Over 200!
• Give me some names

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Evolution and Natural Selection

• Natural Selection
• Natural selection is where organisms evolve with
  traits that help them survive. For example
  Giraffes have long necks to reach the tops of
  trees for food.
• Species encounter many obstacles that, unless
  overcome, will cause them to become extinct.
• We can see many species and figure out how they
  had to evolve to survive.

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Evolution and Natural Selection

• Polar Bear
• Polar Bears are fit for their environment because
  their fur is hollow. The fur grows bacteria and
  keeps the bear warm and afloat as it swims.
  Regular bears do not have this.

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• Who would survive a catastrophe better? Dogs or
  Elephants?
• How many species of dogs do you think there are?
  Over 200!
• How many species of Elephants are there?
• 2 main (African/Elephant) with some subspecies.
• A total of 6.

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African Elephants (big ears)

• Divided into 2 sub species
• Savannah and forest elephant

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Asian Elephants (Little ears)

• Divided into 4 sub species
• Indian elephant (Elephas maximus indicus)
• Sri Lankan elephant (Elephas maximus maximus)
• Sumatran elephant (Elephas maximus sumatrensis)
• Borneo (or Pygmy) elephant (Elephas maximus
  borneensis)

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Evolution / Natural Selection

• Why would the number of species help ensure
  survival through a disaster?
• The more variations of a species that exist, the
  better chance of survival of that species.
• 99 of all animals ever in existence have gone
  extinct.

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Evolution / Natural Selection

• Compare Natural Selection with Genetic Drift.

• Genetic drift is not natural selection. Some
  animals (by chance) leave behind MORE offspring
  than others because of outside factors. NOT
  because they are better suited just.because.

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Evolution / Natural Selection

• Compare Natural Selection with Genetic Drift.

• Natural selection ensures survival bc that
  animal has a specific QUALITY that helps it
  survive better than others.

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Planet Earth pole to pole

• For the next video you must write 10 organisms
  that have a trait that helps them specifically
  survive their environment or reproduce via
  evolution helps
• Name of animal evolutionary trait
  survive/reproduce
• 1.
• 2.
• 3.
• 4.
• 5.
• 6.
• 7.
• 8.
• 9.
• 10.

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DQs 11

1. Describe evolution in your own words.
2. What is an adaptation? Give a specific example of
   that in the wild.
3. Give a new example of genetic drift (look in your
   NB!)
4. Describe the difference between natural selection
   and genetic drift.
5. What was the name of Darwins famous boat?
6. What animal did Darwin use to describe evolution.
7. Think of three animals that have a special thing
   about them that give them an advantage above
   everything else in surviving where they live.

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Evolution / Natural Selection

• What does that mean?
• Answer using Darwins finches as your example.
• Why did the finches (or any animal) need to
  change?

• How does reproductive or geographic isolation
  affects speciation.

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Evolution / Natural Selection

• Extinction is a part of life. (99 are extinct)
• Fossils show us the diversity of life in any
  given area.
• Some species have only lived for a specific
  period (episodic speciation)
• There have been mass extinctions (dinosaurs).

• What information does the fossil record give us?

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Evolution / Natural Selection

• (color and draw picture!)

• What is gradualism?
• What is punctuated equilibrium?

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Evolution and Natural Selection

• Gradualism or Punctuated equilibria?
• Gradualism says that evolution occurs at a slow,
  constant rate.
• Punctuated equilibrium says that evolution occurs
  at irregular rapid rates.

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Life

• Based on the video, write down 10 organisms that
  have special adaptations to help them survive
  their environment or reproduce
• Name of animal trait survival/reproduction
• 1.
• 2.
• 3.
• 4.
• 5.
• 6.
• 7.
• 8.
• 9.
• 10.