Predicated%20assembly%20and%20biomimetics%20in%20micro/nano-manufacture

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FAB2 MAS 960 Special TopicsHow To Make
Something That Makes (almost) Anything
Avogadro Scale Engineering Achieving the Limits
of Fabricational Complexity

• Air inlets
• Crushers
• Ganglion
• Multiple Visual sensors
• Muscles
• Pincers
• Sensory receptors
• Stridulatory pegs
• Wings

jacobson_at_media.mit.edu
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Complexity vs. Size
red blood cell 5 ?m (SEM)
diatom 30 ?m
DNA proteins nm
Simple molecules lt1nm
bacteria 1 ?m
m
SOI transistor width 0.12?m
Semiconductor Nanocrystal 1 nm
Circuit design Copper wiring width 0.1?m
Nanotube Transistor (Dekker)
IBM PowerPC 750TM Microprocessor 7.56mm8.799mm 6.
35106 transistors
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Resources for Exponential Scaling
Resources which increase the complexity of a
system exponentially with a linear addition of
resources

• Error Correcting Fabrication
• Fault Tolerant Hardware Architectures
• Fault Tolerant Software or Codes
• Quantum Phase Space

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Threshold Theorem - Winograd and Cowan 1963
A circuit containing N error-free gates can be
simulated with probability of failure e using O(N
poly(log(N/e))) error-prone gates which fail
with probability p, provided p lt pth, where pth
is a constant threshold independent of N.
n
Number of gates consumed
k
Find k such that
Number of Gates Consumed Per Perfect Gate is
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Caruthers Synthesis
DNA Synthesis
Error Rate 1 102
300 Seconds Per step
http//www.med.upenn.edu/naf/services/catalog99.pd
f
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Replicate Linearly with Proofreading and Error
Correction Fold to 3D Functionality
Error Rate 1 106
100 Steps per second
template dependant 5'-3' primer extension
5'-3' error-correcting exonuclease
3'-5' proofreading exonuclease

1. Beese et al. (1993), Science, 260, 352-355.

http//www.biochem.ucl.ac.uk/bsm/xtal/teach/repl/k
lenow.html
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Fabricational Complexity

• Total Complexity
• Complexity Per Unit Volume
• Complexity Per Unit TimeEnergy
• Complexity Per unit Cost

Ffab ln (W) / a3 tfab Efab Ffab ln
(M)e-1 / a3 tfab Efab
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Fabricational Complexity
Can we use this map as a guide towards future
directions in fabrication?
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Fabricational Complexity
Total Complexity
A
G
T
C
A
G
A
T
A
C
G
T

A
G
T
A
G
C

Complexity Per Unit Cost For given complexity n
Where C is cost per step
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Fabricational Complexity
Non Error Correcting
A
G
T
C
A
G
T
C
Triply Error Correcting
A
G
T
C
A
G
T
C
n 300
P 0.9
P 0.85
n
p
n
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Deinococcus radiodurans (3.2 Mb,
4-10 Copies of Genome )
Uniformed Services University of the Health
Nature Biotechnology 18, 85-90 (January 2000)
D. radiodurans 1.7 Million Rads (17kGy) 200
DS breaks E. coli 25 Thousand Rads 2 or 3 DS
breaks
http//www.ornl.gov/hgmis/publicat/microbial/image
3.html
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D. radiodurans 1.75 million rads, 0 h
D. radiodurans 1.75 million rads, 24 h
photos provided by David Schwartz (University of
Wisconsin, Madison)
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Autonomous self replicating machines from random
building blocks
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Caruthers Synthesis
DNA Synthesis
Error Rate 1 102
300 Seconds Per step
http//www.med.upenn.edu/naf/services/catalog99.pd
f
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Replicate Linearly with Proofreading and Error
Correction Fold to 3D Functionality
Error Rate 1 106
100 Steps per second
template dependant 5'-3' primer extension
5'-3' error-correcting exonuclease
3'-5' proofreading exonuclease

1. Beese et al. (1993), Science, 260, 352-355.

http//www.biochem.ucl.ac.uk/bsm/xtal/teach/repl/k
lenow.html
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Fabrication Procedure of LTPS-TFT Array for
AMOLED Backplane
http//www.sdtech.co.kr/device3.html
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Laser CVD Repair
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http//www.sfk.com/en/packaging/pick__place/