Kidney

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Kidney Function I
Anatomy
KidneyFunction II
Kidney Disorders
Potpourri
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What are the three functions of the Kidney?
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Remove Wastes2. Maintain Water Balance3.
Maintain Ion / pH Balance
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Name three components of blood that do not make
it past the glomerular filter.
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RBCs, WBCs, platelets, large proteins
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In osmosis, water moves from an area of ______
concentration to an area of _____ concentration.
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Water moves from high concentration to low
concentration
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Where in the nephron is glucose reabsorbed into
the bloodstream?
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Glucose is actively transported back into the
blood in the proximal tubule
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Why do our bodies need to deaminate amino acids?
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Removal of the amino group occurs so that
proteins can be converted into carbohydrates for
storage
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What is the outer part of the kidney called?
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Renal Cortex
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At approx. what volume does urine storage become
painful?
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Approx. 400 mL
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What specific semi-permeable structure acts as a
high pressure filter?
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The Glomerulus is a high pressure filter
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These structures carry urine from the kidneys to
the bladder
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Ureters carry urine from the kidneys to the
bladder.
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Where in the nephron does the majority of water
reabsorption occur?
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The descending limb of the loop of Henle is the
site of most water reabsorption
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Where does the majority of ACTIVE reabsorption
and secretion occur in the nephron?
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The majority of ACTIVE reabsorption and secretion
occurs in the proximal and distal tubules
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During osmosis, water moves from an area of _____
solute concentration (hypotonic) to an area of
_____ solute concentration (hypertonic).
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Water will move from a hypotonic solution (low
solute) to hypertonic (high solute)
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Name three wastes products removed by the Kidney
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Ammonia- Urea- Uric Acid- H
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Name three substances that are actively
reabsorbed back into the bloodstream
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Na, Glucose, Amino Acids, Vitamins, other
nutrients are all actively transported back into
the bloodstream
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What area of the nephron has the highest
mitocondria concentration and why?
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Proximal and distal tubules have lots of
mitochondria due to the amount of active
transport that takes place
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The word diabetes comes from a latin word
meaning
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increased urine output
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Why does somebody with diabetes mellitus have
increased urine output?
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Diabetes mellitus higher blood glucose thus
glucose spills over into urine drawing water
with it.
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What is hemodialysis?
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artificial kidney - blood is pumped through a
dialysis machine that removes wastes from the
blood for somebody with a damaged kidney
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What is Diabetes Insipidus?
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Diabetes insipidus is a malfunction of ADH
causing decreased water reabsorption
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When why would somebody undergo peritoneal
dialysis and why?
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When their kidney / kidneys are not functioning
but and require / request more flexibility
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How many people have won the 1 million Deal or
No Deal prize?
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0 - Nobody has picked the right case yet.
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Explain the effect of Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
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ADH increases water reabsorption
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What size cube has a the largest surface area to
volume ratio 1cm, 10cm, or 1m
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The 1cm cube has the largest surface area to
volume ratio - an important concept in Biology
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What type of food and/or drink is allowed in the
classrooms at MCHS?
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WATER ONLY! (and sometimes doughnuts if there is
enough for the whole class)
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How is aldosterone different than ADH
(antidiuretic hormone)?
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Aldosterone and ADH increase water reaborption,
but aldosterone does so indirectly through the
reabsorption of Na (sodium)