The%20Constitutional%20Crisis%20and%20Settlement%20in%20Stuart%20England

1
The Constitutional Crisis and Settlement in
Stuart England

• By Jocelyn Thomas, Violet Velazquez, Lorena
  Mendez, Jacqueline Haupt, and Bridget Haupt

2
James I

• James developed sources of income by levying new
  custom duties known as imposition.
• Since days of Elizabeth, puritans within the
  church of England sought elimination to get rid
  of and replace the hierarchical Episcopal system
  of church governance.
• James rebuffed the puritans and declared his
  intentions to maintain and enhance the Anglican
  episcopacy.
• Colonists had believed that reformation could
  probably go far in England and that only in
  America they could worship properly and reform
  church.

3
James I

• James's court became a center of scandal and
  corruption (he was governed by favorites and
  people who had the most gossip.).
• In 1604, he concluded a peace with Spain.
• There was wise hesitancy in 1618 to rush English
  troops to the thirty years war.
• In 1624, before Jamess death, England went to
  war against Spain.
• The English puritans believed in strict
  observance of the Sabbath, disapproving any
  sports, games, or general social conviviality on
  Sundays.

4
James I

• James had thought that these strictures prevented
  many Roman Catholics from joining the Church of
  England.
• In 1618, he ordered the clergy of the Church of
  England to read the book of Sports from their
  pulpits.
• In that Declaration , he had permitted people to
  engage in certain sports and games after church
  services.
• Despite what the Kings intentions were, this had
  offended the Puritans. Lawful recreation such as
  dancing, either men or women archery for men
  leaping, vaulting, or any other harmless
  recreation, or from having of Hay games and
  Morris dancing-they still had hold on account
  still as prohibited all as unlawful games

5
James I

• to be used upon Sundays only.
• They had also by law prohibited bowling.

6
Charles I

• Charles I , like his father , resorted to extra
  parliamentary measures.
• Theses included levying new tariffs and duties,
  attempting to collect discontinued taxes, and
  subjecting English property owners to so called
  forced loan (though they were going to
  get repaid) and imprison those who refused to
  pay.
• Parliament met in 1628, its members would grant
  new funds only in Charles recognized the Petition
  of Right. This document required that henceforth
  there should be no forced loans or taxation
  without the consent of Parliament, that no
  freeman should be imprisoned

7
Charles I

• without due cause, and that troops should not be
  billeted in private homes.
• In order to conserve his limited resources,
  Charles made peace with France in 1629 and Spain
  in 1630, again rousing fears that he was too
  friendly to Roman Catholic powers.
• Charles might have ruled indefinitely without
  Parliament had not his religious policies
  provoked war with Scotland.
• The Scots rebelled, and Charles, with
  insufficient resources of war, was forced in 1640
  to call Parliament.

8
The Long Parliament and Civil War

• Parliament abolished the courts that they had
  enforced royal policy and prohibited the levying
  of the new taxes without its consent.
• Even though the Parliament was separated by
  religion both moderate Puritans and more extreme
  Puritans (the independents) wanted to abolish
  the Book of Common Prayer. Yet both houses of the
  Parliament were determined to preserve the church
  of England in its current form.
• The Division in the Parliament intensified when
  Parliament was asked to raise funds for an army
  to suppress the Rebellion in Scotland.

9
The Long Parliament and Civil War

• Many people did not trust Charles with an army
  and then Suggested that the Parliament should be
  the Commander in Chief of the English armed
  forces.
• By shock the house of Commons passed a militia
  Ordinance which gave authority to the Parliament
  to raise its own army.
• Kings supporters were known as the Calvinist.

10
Oliver Cromwell and the Puritan Republic

• The alliance with Scotland in 1643 that
  transformed Parliament to a Presbyterian system
  of Church government and the organization of the
  Parliament arm helped the Parliament become
  victorious.
• Oliver and the army were willing to deal with a
  majority Church however, only if it Protestant
  dissenter to worship outside it.
• Due to Charles greediness and trying to take
  advantage of the divided Parliament Oliver and
  his army foiled him.
• Members who ha sympathy for the Monarch were
  kicked out from the Parliament in December 1648.

11
Oliver Cromwell and the Puritan Republic

• The monarchy, the House of Lords, and the
  Anglican Church were terminated by the Parliament
  after Charles was executed on January 30, 1649.
• England became a Puritan Republic from 1649-1660.
• Cromwells army slaughtered Scotland and Ireland.
  
• He failed to be a politician when the House of
  Commons wanted to disband his expensive army of
  50,000 men, he disbanded the Parliament and ruled
  as a Lord Protector afterwards.
• Oliver was hated just as much as Charles.
• He was hated for his Puritan prohibitions of
  drinking,

12
Oliver Cromwell and the Puritan Republic

• theatergoing, and dancing.
• Political liberty disappeared in the name of
  religious conformity.
• The English were soon ready t rebuild the
  Anglican Church and the Monarchy after Oliver
  Cromwell died in 1658.

13
Charles II and the Restoration of the Monarchy

• Charles II negotiated with the army in order to
  come back to England.
• After 11 years of somber Puritanism he set a new
  tone.
• England returned to the status quo of 1642 with a
  hereditary monarch, a Parliament of Lords and
  Commons that only met when the King called.
• The King, in secrecy, favored religious
  toleration. He wanted to let loyal Catholics and
  Puritans to worship freely.
• Ultra-Royalists excluded Roman Catholics,
  Presbyterians, and Independent from the official
  religious and political life of laws called the
  Clarendon Code(1661-1665).

14
Charles II and the Restoration of the Monarchy

• The treaty of Dover in 1670 gave England and
  France the power to ally against the Dutch.
• Charles was supposed to announce his conversion
  to Catholicism as soon as he got the cue from
  England.
• Louis XIV promised to pay Charles a substantial
  subsidy however, it was never made.

15
The Glorious Revolution

• Dominant political power in Muslim world after
  1516.
• Its population was ethnically diverse,
  linguistically, and religiously.
• Non Islamic persons could practice their own
  religion and manage their internal community
  affairs through their own higharchy.
• They paid a special toll tax, couldn't serve in
  the military or wear certain colors.
• Higharchies were chosen by who was most loyal.

16
The Age of Walpole

• Retained control of eastern Mediterranean and
  lands bordering it.
• Islam's outdistanced Europeans in learning,
  science, and military prowess.
• Ships were designed for difficult waters.
• Europeans developed a greater military and naval
  power and new weapons.
• The Ottoman leaders were isolated from the
  leading Muslim subjects and from Europe.
• Failing to develop its own structure, the
  Ottomans borrowed the Europeans technology and
  imported their foreign advisors.