Chapter 14 The Civil Rights Movement 1945

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Chapter 14The Civil Rights Movement 1945 1975

• Why is this man impt ?

• Who is this woman ?

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The Civil Rights Movement 1954 1968
Section 1 Early Demands for Equality

• Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)

Supreme Court declares segregation constitutional
( legal).

• Laws that segregated African Americans .

• African Americans had same rights ,but used
  separate facilities that were EQUAL .

• Jim Crow Laws de jure segregation

• Segregated areas in buses,trains, parks, pools,
• restaurants other public facilities.

• Poorer quality than White facilities.

• De facto Segregation

• Segregation by unwritten custom or tradition,
  e.g. neighborhoods, dances churches restaurants
  other public facilities.

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New Political Power

• Before WW I , most African Americans lived in the
  South

• Great Migration African Americans moved to
  Northern cities, were allowed to vote. The
  Democratic party listened to their
  concerns/issues and so African Americans
  registered as Democrats.

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Push for Desegregation

• During WW II , African Americans began to demand
  more rights,esp in the military.

• CORE- Congress of Racial Equality founded by
  James Farmer/George Houser. Believed in
  NONVIOLENCE.

• Began to use SIT-INS as form of protest.
  Attempted to desegregate restaurants that refused
  to serve African-Americans. Intended to shame
  restaurant managers into allowing African
  Americans to be served the same as White
  customers.

5
Brown v. Board of Education .

• Linda Brown African American young girl
• denied the right to attend her neighborhood
• school in Topeka, Kansas.

• Thurgood Marshall NAACP (National Association
  for the Advancement of Colored People) attorney
  argued before Supreme Court. for end of
  segregation in public schools.

• Supreme Court unanimously ruled segregation was
  unconstitutional violated equal protection
  clause of 14th amendment.

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REVIEW

• Explain the relationship between 2 court cases
  Plessy v Ferguson Brown v. Board of Education
• Explain the Great Migration what happened to
  the population in the South, in the North ?
• Explain the difference between Jim Crow Laws and
  De Facto Segregation, give an example of each.

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Little Rock Arkansas

• Court order requiring 9 African-American students
  to be admitted to all white
  Central H. S.

• Gov. Orval Faubus, -

• Was seeking re election. Although a moderate
  on racial issues he wanted
  to win the support of White voters.

• Ordered troops form AK National Guard to prevent
  African American students from entering school to
  register.

• Ordered to remove the troops, he left the school
  to the mobs of angry protesters who vandalized
  the school and scared students.

• Eisenhower sends federal troops in to protect
  students.

• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vxERXusiEszs

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Montgomery Bus Boycott

• Boycott by African Americans of the bus system
  throughout Montgomery Alabama. Response to Rosa
  Parks being arrested.

• Start of new era in civil rights movement
  organized protests, defying laws that required
  segregation and demanded to be treated the same
  as whites.

• Led by 26 year old Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.

• Ph.D. in theology.

• Followed teachings of
  Indian leader
  Gandhi
• NONVIOLENCE

• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vjJ1OO5iBWCQ

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African American Churches

• Played critical role in the civil rights
  movement.

• SCLC Southern Christian Leadership Conference.
  Led by African American
  ministers ( Martin Luther King)

• goal to eliminate segregation from American
  society

• Encourage African Americans to vote.

• Challenged segregation at voting booths, public
  transportation, housing and accommodations.