The development and impact of animal cloning

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The development and impact of animal cloning
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What is cloning ?

• Cloning is the process of creating an identical
  copy of an original.

-Natural Cloning
-Artificial Cloning
Reproductive cloning
Therapeutic cloning
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Reproductive cloning

• -procedure of creating exact copy of an original.

-Technique -Somatic Cell Nucleus Transfer (SCNT)

Procedure -mentioned in Biology notes
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Development

• 1928 Hans Spemann performs first nuclear
• transfer experiment.

1938 Hans Spemann proposed an experiment to
transfer one cell's nucleus into an egg
without a nucleus (SCNT)
1952 Tadpole ,cloned by Briggs and King.
1962 Frogs ,cloned by John Gurdon
1963 Carp
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1978 A worldwide debate on cloning ethics

• 1977 Mice ,cloned by Karl Illmensee

1986 Steen Willadsen cloned cattle
1997 Sheep (Dolly) ,Mice
1998 Lamb (Polly)
2000 Monkey (Tetra), pigs , Asian guar
2001 Cat ,OX , Cattle
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• 2002 Scientists try to clone Thylacine
  (Tasmanian
• Tiger)

2003 Mule ,Rabbit ,Horse ,Rat
2004 Fruit Flies, Human embryo
2005 Dog
2005 Project was stopped
Recently , the project has been revived
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Impact of reproductive cloning

• Positive

• Cloning animals especially extinct species

-Cloning pets

• Infertility

• Cloning Human Beings

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Discussion

• Should human beings be cloned ?

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• Negative impact

-strange anomalies
-commercialization and industrialization
-unethical experimentation
-population
-right
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Therapeutic cloning

• -procedure for creating stem cells genetically
  compatible with the patient.

Technique -Somatic Cell Nucleus Transfer (SCNT)

• Procedure
• Developed into blastocyst

• Stem cells obtained

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Development

• - Started in 2000

- The first successful therapeutic cloning
was accomplished in 2001- November
- legal for research purposes in the United
Kingdom
- In many other countries, the practice is
banned
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Impact

• Positive impact

-Research

• Reverse heart attacks

• Produce organs or tissues

• Cure diseases
• e.g Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease,
  
• diabetes

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Example

• Parkinson's disease
• -movement disorder

• Cause
• Loss of Dopamine

Treatment - Inject Levodopa (L-DOPA )
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Discussion

• Should stem cells in cloned embryo be extracted
  to cure disease ?

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Impact

• Negative impact

• Moral and ethical issues
• Immoral to create an embryo solely for
• research

• Harvesting the stem cells kill embryos

-Origin of ova
- Method of obtaining eggs
- Mutated stem cells
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