Grammar Boot Camp

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Grammar Boot Camp

• Building Muscle
• Phrases and Clauses

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Essential Question

• How would you explain the differences between the
  types of phrases and clauses?

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What is a Phrase?

• A phrase is a group of related words that does
  not contain a subject and a verb.
• Common Phrases
• Prepositional Phrases
• Infinitive Phrases
• Participial Phrases
• Gerund Phrases

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Prepositional Phrase

• Begins with a preposition (in, on, under, over,
  around, of, about, through, etc.)
• Followed by an object and any modifiers
• Functions as an adjective or adverb

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Examples of Prepositional Phrase

• The cadets marched through the woods.
• through is the preposition
• the is the modifier for the object woods
• functions as an adverb
• Everyone in the class wrote an essay.
• in is the preposition
• the is the modifier for the object class
• functions as an adjective

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Infinitive Phrase

• Begins with an infinitive to verb
• Followed by an object and any modifiers
• Functions as a noun, adjective or adverb

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Examples of Infinitive Phrase

• 1. To exercise every day is a good habit.
• to exercise is the infinitive
• every is the modifier for the object day
• Functions as a noun
• 2. I was relieved to finish my project.
• to finish is the infinitive
• my is the modifier for the object project
• Functions as an adjective

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Participial Phrase

• Begins with a participle verb ending in -ed,
  -en, or -ing
• Followed by an object and any modifiers
• Functions as an adjective

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Examples of Participial Phrase

• 1. The marine biologist, diving near a reef, saw
  a shark.
• diving is the participle
• near a are the modifiers for the object reef
• Functions as an adjective
• 2. Known for her patience, Mrs. Garcia was his
  favorite teacher.
• known is the participle
• for her are the modifiers for the object
  patience
• Functions as an adjective

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Gerund Phrase

• Begins with a gerund verb ending in -ing
• Followed by object and any modifiers
• Functions as a noun

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Examples of Gerund Phrase

• 1. Marching in unison builds teamwork.
• marching is the gerund
• in is the modifier for the object unison
• Functions as a noun
• 2. The student enjoys taking morning classes.
• taking is the gerund
• morning is the modifier for the object
  classes
• Functions as a noun

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What is a Clause?

• A clause is a group of related words that
  contains both a subject and a verb.
• Two Types of Clauses
• Independent Clause
• Dependent Clause

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Independent Clause

• Contains a subject and a verb
• Makes a complete statement
• Can stand alone

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Examples of Independent Clause

• 1. Del Mar is a community college.
• Del Mar is the subject
• is is the verb
• a community college completes the thought
• 2. The Writing Center offers a variety of
  services.
• The Writing Center is the subject
• offers is the verb
• a variety of services completes the thought

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Dependent Clause

• Contains a subject and a verb
• Does not make a complete statement
• Cannot Stand Alone
• Begins with a subordinating conjunction or a
  relative pronoun
• after who
• although whom
• as that relative pronouns
• because which
• before subordinating conjunctions whose
• if
• since
• until
• when

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Examples of Dependent Clause

• 1. Because the student prepared for the exam, she
  answered all of the questions correctly.
• because is the subordinating conjunction
• the student is the subject
• prepared is the verb
• for the exam completes the dependent clause
• 2. The uniform that I am required to wear is
  green and brown.
• that is the relative pronoun
• I is the subject
• am is the verb
• required to wear completes the dependent clause

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Exercise Your MusclesClauses

• Identify the type of clause in the following
• I walk my dog every day.
• Because he is a teacher.
• As the soccer player scored the winning goal.
• Zeke hit his thumb with a hammer.

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Answer Key

• Identify the type of clause in the following
• I walk my dog every day. Independent
• Because he is a teacher. Dependent
• As the soccer player scored the winning goal.
  Dependent
• Zeke hit his thumb with a hammer. Independent

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Congratulations!

• You have successfully completed Building Muscle
  Phrases and Clauses of Grammar Boot Camp.