Los verbos

1
Los verbos

• JUICY

An overview of stem-changing and irregular verbs
in the preterite past tense
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The preterite past tense in Spanish is made up of
different categories of verbs

1. Verbs that have regular past tense endings
2. Verbs that have regular past tense endings but
   get a spelling change
3. Verbs are irregular in their spelling and their
   endings

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Review of REGULAR preterite verbs

• -ar verb endings
• yo -é nosotros/as amos
• tú -aste
• ud/él/ella -ó uds/ellos/as aron
• -er/ir verb endings
• yo -í nosotros/as imos
• tú -iste
• ud/él/ella -ió uds/ellos/as ieron

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Conjugate the following verbs in the preterite.

1. Ayer, nosotros __________ (correr) en el parque.
2. Ellos ___________ (mirar) una película anteayer.
3. Una vez yo ___________ (viajar) a Miami.
4. Nosotros ___________ (pasar) tres días en Costa
   Rica.
5. ___________ (recibir) tú un regalo?
6. Yo ___________ (vender) mi coche el año pasado.
7. Marta ___________ (escribir) una carta.
8. Miguel ___________ (comprar) la leche y el pan.
9. Tú ____________ (hablar) con Marisol esta mañana.
10. Ustedes __________ (beber) todo el jugo ayer.

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Conjugate the following verbs in the preterite.

1. Ayer, nosotros corrimos en el parque.
2. Ellos miraron una película anteayer.
3. Una vez yo viajé a Miami.
4. Nosotros pasamos tres días en Costa Rica.
5. Recibiste tú un regalo?
6. Yo vendí mi coche el año pasado.
7. Marta escribió una carta.
8. Miguel compró la leche y el pan.
9. Tú hablaste con Marisol esta mañana.
10. Ustedes bebieron todo el jugo ayer.

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Categorizing preterite verbs with irregularities

• JUICY

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The J Stems

• When conjugated, the following verbs get js as
  part of their stems
• Infinitive Stem English meaning
• decir dij- to say, tell
• traer traj- to bring
• traducir traduj- to translate
• conducir conduj- to drive
• producir produj- to produce
• Endings
• yo e nosotros/as imos
• tú iste
• ud./él/ella o uds./ellos/as - eron

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The U Stems

• When conjugated, the following verbs get us as
  part of their stems
• Infinitive Stem English meaning
• tener tuv- to have
• estar estuv- to be
• andar anduv- to walk
• poder pud- to be able to
• poner pus- to put, place, set
• saber sup - to know
• caber cup - to fit
• haber hub - to be
• Endings
• yo e nosotros/as imos
• tú iste
• ud./él/ella o uds./ellos/as - ieron

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The I Stems

• When conjugated, the following verbs get is as
  part of their stems
• Infinitive Stem English meaning
• querer quis- to want
• venir vin- to come
• hacer hic-/hiz- to do, make
• Endings
• yo e nosotros/as imos
• tú iste
• ud./él/ella o uds./ellos/as - ieron

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Los Cambios Verbs with spelling changes

• There are 3 groups of verbs that get regular
  preterite endings but have spelling changes
• -Car/-Gar/-Zar
• (Verbs that end with car, -gar, or zar and have
  a spelling change in the yo form only)
• I to Y Verbs
• (Verbs that have an I to y spelling change in the
  3rd person forms.)
• Sandal Verbs
• (Not unlike present tense boot verbs, these get a
  spelling change in the 3rd person forms.)

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Los verbos car/gar/zar

• Verbs that end in car (sacar), -gar (pagar) or
  zar (comenzar) get a spelling change in the
  preterite yo form only.
• -Car Verbs The c changes to qu
• Example sacar
• yo saqué nosotros sacamos
• tú sacaste
• ella sacó ellos sacaron
• Examples of other car verbs buscar,
  pescar, tocar, secar(se), practicar

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-Car/gar/zar verbs continued

• -Gar Verbs Get a gué
• Example pagar
• yo pagué nosotros pagamos
• tú pagaste
• Ud. pagó Uds. Pagaron
• Other gar verbs jugar, llegar, entregar

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-Car/gar/zar verbs continued

• -Zar Verbs The z changes to c
• Example comenzar
• yo comencé nosotros comenzamos
• tú comenzaste
• él comenzó ellas comenzaron
• Other zar verbs empezar, cruzar,
  organizar, almorzar

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I to Y Verbs

• These verbs get spelling changes in the 3rd
  person forms only. They have regular preterite
  endings but the is change to ys.
• These are also called hanging vowel verbs
  because they end in a vowel when the infinitive
  ending is dropped. (Ex caer ca, leer le,
  oír o)
• Examples caer oír
• caí caímos oí oímos
• caíste oíste
• caió cayó caieron cayeron
  oió oyó oieron oyeron
• Other i to y verbs include
• creer, leer, poseer
• -uir verbs (construir, distribuir, incluir)

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Sandal Verbs (Stem-changing verbs)

• Remember boot verbs in the present tense? These
  are similar because they have a stem change in
  the preterite tense. Notice that the stem change
  only occurs in the 3rd person forms. Instead of
  a boot, we have a flat sandal!
• Examples pedir dormir
• pedí pedimos dormí
  dormimos
• pediste
  dormiste
• pidió pidieron
  durmió durmieron
• Other sandal verbs include
• (e-i) pedir, servir, preferir, vestirse,
  competir, seguir, conseguir
• (o-u) dormir, morir

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Y Andthe other irregulars

• These verbs follow their own set of rules!
• No accents!
• The Twins Identical in the preterite
• ir and ser
• fui fuimos
• fuiste
• fue fueron
• How do you tell them
  apart? Context!

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Y the other irregulars continued

• The Cousins You can tell theyre related but
  they are not identical.
• dar ver
• di dimos vi vimos
• diste viste
• dio dieron vio
  vieron
• Dar inherited vers er preterite endings.
• Neither dar nor ver have accents.