Physical Climate

1
OCB Ocean Carbon and Biogeochemistry Program
OCB Missionto establish the evolving role of
the ocean in the global carbon cycle, in the face
of environmental change, through studies of
marine biogeochemical cycles and associated
ecosystems
2
WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF OCB?
To promote, plan, and coordinate collaborative,
multidisciplinary research opportunities within
the U.S. research community and with
international partners
NACP North American Carbon Program
SOLAS Surface-Ocean Lower Atmosphere Study
OCCC Ocean Carbon Climate Change
IMBER Integrated Marine Biogeochemistry and
Ecology
3
OCB OVERARCHING SCIENTIFIC THEMES
Improve understanding and prediction of 1)
Oceanic uptake and release of atmospheric CO2 and
other greenhouse gases 2) Climate sensitivities
of biogeochemical cycles and interactions with
ecosystem structure
4
CURRENT OCB RESEARCH PRIORITIES

• Ocean acidification
• Terrestrial/coastal carbon fluxes and exchanges
• Climate sensitivities of and change in ecosystem
  structure and associated impacts on
  biogeochemical cycles
• Mesopelagic ecological and biogeochemical
  interactions
• Benthic-pelagic feedbacks on biogeochemical
  cycles
• Ocean carbon uptake and storage

5
OCB PROGRAM STRUCTURE
New Future Projects U.S. single-investigator
medium-size research projects funded by NASA,
NOAA, and NSF
Observing System Repeat Hydrography/CO2 HOT,
BATS, CARIACO U.S. efforts in CarboOcean, OOI,
OceanSITES, etc.
Data Management Biological and Chemical Ocean
Data Management
OCB Office OCB Project Office
OCB SSC Scientific Steering Committee
6
OCEAN CARBON OBSERVING SYSTEMS

• Existing/Ongoing/New Elements
• CLIVAR CO2 Repeat Hydrography Program
• CO2 Volunteer Observing System Transects
• Time-series (HOT, BATS, CARIACO, etc.)
• Satellite Remote Sensing
• OceanSITES
• OOI
• Coastal Observing Networks

7
CLIVAR CO2 Repeat Hydrography Program
Goal Quantify decadal changes in heat, fresh
water, CO2 CFC inventory and transport Approach
Reoccupy subset of WOCE era transects on 10
year timeframe Achievements 50 complete and on
schedule to finish global survey by 2012
(http//ushydro.ucsd.edu/)
Planned
Completed
8
Ocean Observatories Initiative
Coastal
Global
Regional

• Technology
• Expanded power and bandwidth to the seafloor
• Interactive capabilities
• Integrated components
• Reconfigurable network components
• New way to provide
• access to the ocean for education/public
  awareness

Cyberinfrastructure

• Science
• Long time-series across multiple spatial scales
• Investigate short-term episodic events
• Multi-disciplinary approach to study complex
  natural systems and non-linear processes
• Complex models for analysis and prediction

Modified from S. Walker (NSF)
9
OCEAN BIOGEOCHEMICAL TIME-SERIES
Bermuda Atlantic Time-Series Study (BATS)
http//bats.bios.edu/index.html
Hawaii Ocean Time-Series (HOT) http//hahana.soest
.hawaii.edu/hot/hot_jgofs.html
Carbon Retention in a Colored Ocean (CARIACO)
http//www.imars.usf.edu/CAR/index.html
10
OCB PROGRAM STRUCTURE
New Future Projects Single to
multi-investigator/ small to large research
projects funded by NASA, NOAA, and NSF
Observing System Repeat Hydrography/CO2 HOT,
BATS, CARIACO U.S. efforts in CarboOcean OOI,
Data Management BCO-DMO
OCB Office OCB Project Office
OCB SSC Scientific Steering Committee
11
OCB PROJECTS
http//www.us-ocb.org/projects/index.html OCB
Projects include any project that falls within
the broad scientific themes of OCB and that the
PI(s) have self-identified as an OCB activity. To
add your project(s) to the OCB list, please
contact the OCB Project Office (hbenway_at_whoi.edu).
Scope of new projects is determined by OCB
research community through competitive proposals
submitted to funding agencies. Bottom-up
planning allows for flexibility as science
evolves.
Examples of Active OCB Projects K. Buesseler et
al. Vertical Transport In the Global Ocean
(VERTIGO) D. McGillicuddy et al. Eddies
Dynamics, Mixing, Export, and Species composition
(EDDIES) E. DAsaro et al. North Atlantic Bloom
Experiment 2008 F. Prahl et al. Nitrogen
Fixation and its Coupling with Denitrification in
the Eastern Tropical North Pacific R. Zeebe
Early Detection of Ocean Acidification Effects on
Marine Calcification and Deep-Sea Carbonate
Dissolution
12
OCB PROGRAM STRUCTURE
New Future Projects U.S. single-investigator
medium-size research projects funded by NASA,
NOAA, and NSF
Observing System Repeat Hydrography/CO2 HOT,
BATS, CARIACO U.S. efforts in CarboOcean OOI,
Data Management BCO-DMO
OCB Office OCB Project Office
OCB SSC Scientific Steering Committee
13
OCB PROGRAM STRUCTURE
AGENCY CONTACTS NSF Don Rice, Phil Taylor, Dave
Garrison, Ajit Subramaniam, Roberta
Marinelli NASA Paula Bontempi, Fred
Lipschultz NOAA Kenneth Mooney CCSP Roger Hanson
Data Management BCO-DMO
OCB Office OCB Project Office
OCB SSC Scientific Steering Committee
14
OCB PROGRAM STRUCTURE
Data Management BCO-DMO
OCB Office OCB Project Office
OCB SSC Scientific Steering Committee
Scott Doney (WHOI) Bob Anderson (LDEO) Ginger
Armbrust (UW) Kathy Barbeau (SIO) Debbie
Bronk (VIMS) Mary-Elena Carr (Columbia) Kendra
Daly (USF) Curtis Deutsch (UCLA) Richard Feely
(NOAA) Dave Karl (U. Hawaii) Joanie Kleypas
(NCAR) Steve Lohrenz (U. S Miss.) Wade
McGillis (LDEO) Burke Hales (OSU) Mary Jane
Perry (UMaine) Tammi Richardson (USC) Chris
Sabine (NOAA) Walker Smith (VIMS)
15
OCB PROGRAM STRUCTURE
Data Management BCO-DMO
OCB Office OCB Project Office
OCB SSC Scientific Steering Committee
Director Scott Doney Program Coordinator Heather
Benway Admin. Assistant Mary
Zawoysky Website www.us-ocb.org
16
ROLE OF THE OCB PROJECT OFFICE

• COORDINATION
• - Interface with other U.S. and international
  carbon research program activities (NACP, IOCCP,
  CARBOOCEAN, IMBER, SOLAS, etc.)
• - Convene researchers across disciplines at
  workshops and meetings to facilitate OCB project
  planning and implementation
• ORGANIZATION
• - Community workshops (OCB summer workshop,
  scoping workshops)
• - OCB Scientific Steering Committee (SSC)
  activities
• COMMUNICATION
• - OCB Website www.us-ocb.org
• - OCB Newsletter OCB News published 3x/year
• EDUCATION AND OUTREACH
• - Promote ocean carbon science to broader
  audiences, policy makers, and underrepresented
  students (contact hbenway_at_whoi.edu)

17
OCB PROGRAM STRUCTURE
Data Management BCO-DMO (US) IOCCP (international)
OCB Office OCB Project Office
OCB SSC Scientific Steering Committee
Biological Chemical Oceanography Data
Management Office (BCO-DMO) Website
www.bco-dmo.org International Ocean Carbon
Coordination Project (IOCCP) Website
http//www.ioccp.org/
18
The Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data
Management Office (BCO-DMO)
The Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data
Management Office (BCO-DMO) was created to serve
PIs funded by the NSF Biological and Chemical
Oceanography Sections as a location where marine
biogeochemical, ecological and oceanographic data
and information developed in the course of
scientific research can easily be disseminated,
protected, and stored on short and intermediate
time-frames. Our main objective is to support the
scientific community through improved
accessibility to ocean science data.
The Office is located at the Woods Hole
Oceanographic Institution. Website
www.bco-dmo.org The Office is managed
by Robert Groman (rgroman_at_whoi.edu) Cyndy
Chandler (cchandler_at_whoi.edu) David Glover
(dglover_at_whoi.edu) Peter Wiebe (pwiebe_at_whoi.edu)
funded by NSF
19
OCB IMPLEMENTATION

• OCB Summer Science Workshop (July 20-23, 2009)
• OCB Scoping Workshops and Community Activities
• -Observing Biogeochemical Cycles at Global Scales
  with Profiling Floats and Gliders (April 28-30,
  2009 at MBARI)
• -New Frontiers in Southern Ocean Biogeochemistry
  and Ecosystem Research (June 8-11, 2009 at
  Princeton)
• -Ocean Acidification Short Course (Fall 2009,
  details TBA)
• Other OCB Activities
• -OCB researchers developing North American
  coastal carbon budgets as part of the NACP
  Interim Synthesis Activities
• -OCB providing input on new U.S. Carbon Cycle
  Science Plan
• -OCB Ocean Acidification subcommittee providing
  leadership on U.S. ocean acidification
  activities (e.g., OCB ocean acidification
  scoping workshop report and white paper,
  contributing to NRC report, coordinating OCB
  response to EPA federal register notice on ocean
  acidification, etc.)

20
Atmospheric control of nutrient cycling and
production in the surface ocean  
Biomass burning
MODIS image July 2007, Mediterranean NASA
Saharan dust
Spatio-temporal variability of nutrient
deposition from contrasted sources impact on
surface ocean ecosystem?
21
Ocean-Derived Aerosols Production, Evolution,
and Impact
Radiative Forcing
SO4 Aerosol
CCN
Organic Aerosol
Algal DMSP
DMS
???
Charlson et al. (1987)
22
Ship Plumes Impacts on atmospheric chemistry,
climate and nutrient supply to the oceans
Corbett et al., 1999
23
Sea ice biogeochemistry a habitat, reaction
surface, source, sink and barrier for gas
exchange

• Not included are biogeochemical cycles
• Impact of biology on climate relevant gases
  (CO2, DMS, N2O, others)- Impact of biology on
  ice structure porosity, energy absorption-
  Strong precipitation/dissolution processes of CO2
  in brines- Photochemistry and optical
  properties- Source for major and minor
  nutrients N, P, Fe

24
HOW TO GET INVOLVED

• Submit proposals to OCB-relevant funding targets
  (http//www.us-ocb.org/meetings/index.htmlfunding
  )
• Submit OCB-relevant projects, field/cruise
  opportunities, and current events to Project
  Office (hbenway_at_whoi.edu) to post on OCB website
• Volunteer or nominate new members to serve on the
  OCB-SSC (annual open nomination process)
• Submit a scoping workshop proposal
• Attend OCB workshops and community activities
• Contribute to the NACP/OCB Coastal Synthesis
  Activities (http//coastalcarbon.pbwiki.com/)