PowerPoint Presentation - 13 Colonies

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13 Colonies
Life in early America
Englands Thirteen Colonies were located on the
Atlantic Coast in-between French Canada and
Spanish Florida.
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Original 13 Colonies
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The Colonies
All three colonial regions developed with unique
characteristics. These characteristics included
people, climate, and resources, and they led to
each regions diverse economic development.
New England Colonies Rhode Island Connecticut Mass
achusetts New Hampshire
Middle Colonies Delaware Pennsylvania New
York New Jersey
Southern Colonies Maryland Virginia North
Carolina South Carolina Georgia
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New England Colonies
Rhode Island Connecticut Massachusetts New
Hampshire
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New England Colonies
- Colonial officials sold large plots of land to
groups of people like Puritan church
congregations who settled a town and divided the
land among church members - English settlers
made up the largest group in this regions
population - People in New England towns lived,
worked, and worshiped closely together. - The
meetinghouse was the most important building in
the town.
People
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New England Colonies
Climate and Resources - Long, cold winters and
short growing seasons -Farming was difficult on
small farms with rocky soil - Subsistence
farming producing just enough food for the
family with only a little left for trade. -
Atlantic Ocean provided many types of fish and
whale oil. - New England forests provided wood
for ship building.
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New England Colonies
Economy
-Farming and fishing communities -Fish, timber,
whale oil were valuable trade goods -Boston was
the major New England port. -New England
colonists traded with other colonies and
Europe -Also part of Triangular trade routes
New Englands cargo traded in Africa for slaves
which were traded in West Indies Islands for
sugar and molasses which was then brought back to
New England
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New England Colonies
New England Colonies made huge profits from
trade. England wanted its share - Navigation
Acts (1651) 1. All shipping had to be done in
English ships or ships built in English
colonies 2. Tobacco, wood, sugar only sold to
England and its colonies 3. European goods
coming to colonies had to first go through
English ports 4. England taxed colonial goods
being shipped to other locations
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Middle Colonies
Delaware Pennsylvania New York New Jersey
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Middle Colonies
People
-Immigrants from all over Europe Different places
and backgrounds Cultural Diversity -Dutch,
Swedish, French, German, English, and more!
English and German largest groups to
immigrate Many Germans were indentured servants
also skilled farmers and craftsmen - Germans
built the Conestoga wagon, long rifles, iron
works, glass, furniture, and dinner ware.
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Middle Colonies
People
-Greater number of different groups - difficult
for one group to dominate so developed a climate
of tolerance Different religious groups- Dutch
in New York and Quakers in Pennsylvania practiced
religious tolerance acceptance of all religions
Quakers also believed Equality of men and
women Opposed slavery Refused to swear loyalty
to the king or queen Refused to participate in
war Came to the Americas for refuge and worship
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Middle Colonies
Climate and Resources - Shorter winter with
longer growing season - Large farms with fertile
soil grew cash crops fruits, vegetables, and
grains grown to be sold for money. - So much
surplus of grains Middle Colonies called The
Bread Basket colonies - Grains and corn were
taken to a gristmill location where grains were
crushed to produce flour or meal - Other
resources included cattle, fish, furs, iron,
pigs, sheep, and timber (wood)
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Middle Colonies
- These Colonies were part agriculture, part
industrial Excellent harbors along the
coast Cities developed - New York City Hudson
River Huge port for trade of flour, bread, furs,
and whale oil - Philadelphia Delaware River -
Fastest growing city in the colonies with a dozen
large ship yards - Merchants in cities exported
cash crops and imported manufactured goods
Economy
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Southern Colonies
Maryland Virginia North Carolina South
Carolina Georgia
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Southern Colonies People
- Wealthy English land owners formed an elite
planter class - Forced small landowners to give
up their land and move westward - Produced all
they needed on their own plantations - Depended
upon the labor of enslaved Africans to run their
plantations - Some followed traditions of
nobility
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Southern Colonies Climate and Resources
- Year round growing seasons with fertile soil -
Plantation crops included rice, tobacco, cotton,
corn, and indigo plant grown for its deep blue
dye - Rice and tobacco required much labor to
produce - Planters transported their crops along
the many available waterways in Southern Colonies

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Southern Colonies Economy

• -As the plantation economy grew, more laborers
  were needed
• -Planters turned to enslaved Africans
• -Africans made up 40 of the Souths population
• -Enslaved workers allowed plantation farming to
  expand
• -Slaves worked in groups of 20-25 under
  supervision of an overseer a man hired to watch
  over and direct slaves

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Southern Colonies Economy
- Enslaved people were often abused or
beaten -Some slaves rebelled Stono Rebellion
see pg. 123 in the textbook -Plantations were
self sufficient, so large cities were rare in
Southern Colonies - Port city Charles Town later
called Charleston in South Carolina was an
exception
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Conclusion

• The diversity of the 13 colonies people,
  climate, and resources offered many economic
  possibilities to the British Empire.
• It also gave the 13 colonies the wealth they
  needed to eventually become a country.