Planes and Sections of the Body

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Planes and Sections of the Body

• Sagittal Plane Extends lengthwise, divides body
  into right and left portions.
• Frontal Plane Extends lengthwise and divides
  body into anterior and posterior portions.
• Transverse Runs crosswise to separate body into
  horizontal sections.

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Body Cavities and Membranes

• Posterior (Dorsal) Body Cavity-
• Cranial Cavity Contains the brain.
• Vertebral Canal Contains the spinal cord.
• Lined by three membranous layers called meninges.
• Meningitis Infection of these membranes.

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Body Cavities and Membranes

• Anterior (Ventral) Body Cavity-
• Thoracic Cavity
• Abdominopelvic Cavity
• Separated by Diaphragm
• Lined by Serous membranes.
• Secrete fluid similar to serum
• Reduces friction between organs.

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Thoracic Cavity

• Enclosed by rib cage and has three portions.
• Mediastinum Located in the middle and holds the
  heart, thymus, trachea and others.
• Right and left portions hold the lungs
• Pleural and Pericardial spaces surround the lungs
  and heart to provide protection.

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Abdominopelvic Cavity

• Abdominal Cavity is superior Contains most of
  the digestive organs.
• Pelvic Cavity is inferior Contains the rectum,
  bladder and some parts of the large intestines.
• The organs (viscera) in the cavity are covered by
  membranes and the cavity is lined by a membrane.
• Peritoneal fluid fills the space between.

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Abdominopelvic Cavity Cont.

• Broken down into four quadrants.

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Organ Systems

• Support, Movement and Protection
• Integumentary
• Skeletal
• Muscular Muscles
• Reproduction and Development
• Reproductive system.

• Integration and Coordination
• Nervous
• Endocrine
• Maintenance of Body
• Cardiovascular
• Lymphatic
• Respiratory
• Digestive
• Urinary

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Balance in the Body

• Homeostasis This is the relative constancy of
  the bodys internal environment.
• Outside environment may change lots, the inside
  stays very steady.
• pH of blood, blood sugar levels, body temp.

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Negative Feedback

• Keeps a variable close to a partciular value.
• Three components
• Sensor
• Regulatory center
• Effector
• Ex. Home heating system, blood pressure, body
  temperature.

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Positive Feedback

• Brings about an ever greater change in the same
  direction.

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Positive Feedback

• Brings about an ever increasing change in the
  same direction.
• Examples Blood Clotting, Digestion of proteins
  in the stomach, muscle contractions during child
  birth.