Fig. 1-1, p. 5

1
Chapter 1
Living in an exponential age
Fig. 1-1, p. 5
2
The Exponential Age

• Exponential--doubling.
• Example of chessboard and kings wager.
• Example of folding paper--fold the paper in half,
  continue folding in half another 42 times--the
  stack of paper will reach from earth to moon. How
  many times can you fold the paper anyway?

• Between 1950 and 2005 world population increased
  from 2.5 billion to 6.5 billion--what is a
  guestimate of the doubling time?
• 1950-2005 an 8 fold increase in economic
  growth--great but most live in poverty--almost
  one out of two live on less that 2 per day.

3
Industrial revolution
Black Deaththe Plague
Hunting and gathering
Agricultural revolution
Industrial revolution
Fig. 1-1, p. 1
Fig. 1-1, p. 5
4
Environmental Science

• Environment--everything that affects a living
  organism.
• Ecology--biological science that studies the
  relationship between living organisms and their
  environment.
• Environmentalism--social movement dedicated to
  protecting earths life support system for us and
  other species.

• Environmental Science--interdisciplinary study
  that uses information from physical sciences and
  social sciences to learn how the earth works and
  how humans interact with the earth, and how to
  deal with environmental problems we face.

5
Sustainability

• Sustainability--ability of earths various
  systems (including cultural systems and
  economies) to adapt to changing environmental
  conditions.
• First step--sustain earths natural capital.

• Natural Capital--the natural resources and
  natural services that keep us and other species
  alive and support our economies.
• Capital--is essentially wealth used to sustain
  business and generate more wealth.

6
Capital

• Capital of 100,000
• Invest entire capital and get 10 return (that
  was really what happened in the 90s boom, sadly
  not today!), net worth is now 110,000.
• Wealth is increased.
• Protect your capital and live off the income it
  generates.

• Win the Lottery! One million dollars! How will
  you manage this? Invest the money and earn 10
  return.
• Have 100,000 to live off every year and capital
  is not touched.
• Spend 200,000 per year, and fortune gone in 7
  years.
• Spend 110,000 per year, fortune gone in 18 years.

7
Fig. 1-3, 12th ed
8
Natural Capital

• Natural Capital is sum of natural resources and
  natural services.
• Natural resources--air, water soil, land, life,
  non-renewable minerals, renewable energy,
  non-renewable energy.

• Natural services, air purification, water
  purification, soil renewal, nutrient recycling,
  food production, pollination, grassland and
  forest renewal, waste treatment, climate control,
  population control and pest control.

9
Fig. 1-6-12th ed
10
Path to Sustainability

• Major themes--
• 1. Natural Capital
• 2. Natural Capital Degradation
• 3. Solutions
• 4. Trade-offs
• 5. Individuals matter

• First understand components and importance of
  natural capital.
• Next recognize that human activity degrades
  natural capital.
• Identify solutions--conflicts often involved.
• Trade-offs often required.
• Individuals matter in search for solutions or
  bringing about change.

11
Global Outlook--comparison of developed and
undeveloped countries, 2005
Fig. 1-4
12
Growth and Development

• Current population growth is 1.2 per year.
• Economic growth--increase in capacity of a
  country to provide people with goods and
  services.
• GDP--Gross Domestic Product--annual market value
  of all goods and services.
• Per capita GDP--GDP divided by total population.

• Economic development--improvement of human living
  standards by enconomic growth.
• Developed countries--highly industrialized with
  high average per capity GDP.
• Developing countries--well, developing
  industrialization and per capita GDP.

13
Natural Capital Use and Degradation

• Per capita ecological footprint--amount of
  biologically productive land and water needed to
  supply each person with resources and absorb
  wastes.
• Total ecological footprint--per capita times
  total population of country.

• Humanitys ecological footprint currently exceeds
  earths ecological ability to replenish renewable
  resources by 21.
• Footprint of developed countries is large because
  of huge consumption of renewable resources.

14
Stepped Art
Fig. 1-7
15
Natural Capital Degradation
Fig. 8
16
Natural Capital depletion and degradation cause
most of the environmental problems
Stepped Art
Fig. 1-10
17
Number of people ( of world's population)
Lack of access to
Harmful results of poverty
Adequate sanitation facilities
2.6 billion (39)
Enough fuel for heating and cooking
2 billion (30)
2 billion (30)
Electricity
Clean drinking water
1.1 billion (16)
Adequate health care
1.1 billion (16)
Adequate housing
1 billion (15)
Enough food for good health
0.84 billion (13)
Fig. 1-11
18
One in every 3 children under age 5 suffers from
sever malnutrition. It is estimated that at least
13,700 children under the age of 5 die from
malnutrition, infectious diseases and drinking
contaminated water each day.
Fig. 1-12
19
Affluenza

• Affluenza--unsustainable addiction to
  overconsumption and materialism exhibited in
  lifestyles of affluent consumers in US and other
  developed countries.
• Shop till you drop.
• Use it up..

• Environmental impact of population (I) depends on
  three key facors
• P--number of people
• A--average resource use per person (affluence)
• T--harmful effects of technologies used to
  provide and consume each unit of resource.
• See figure 1.13

20
Fig. 1-14