The American Civil War

1
The American Civil War
2
Civil War

• Civil war - A civil war is a war between people
  in the same country.

3
The Creation of West Virginia

• Conflict grew between the eastern and western
  counties of Virginia.
• Many in the western counties were in favor of
  abolition (against slavery) and against seceding
  from the Union.
• Many disagreements between the two regions of the
  state led to the formation of West Virginia.

4
The Creation of West Virginia

• In 1863, 50 western counties voted to break away
  from Virginia and form their own state.
• This new state was known as West Virginia and it
  joined the Union.

5
Who is Who?

• North United States.
• Union United States.
• Army of the Potomac-United States Army.
• Federals United States.

6
Who is Who?

• South Confederate States of America.
• Confederacy Confederate States of America.
• Army of Northern Virginia- Confederate States
  Army.
• Rebels Confederate States of America.

7
Both Sides Look for a General

• President Lincoln and President Davis both wanted
  a man from Virginia named Robert E. Lee to
  command their army!
• By 1861, Lee was already a respected military
  leader in the U.S. Army.
• Lee was the man who captured John Brown at
  Harpers Ferry in 1859!

8
Robert E. Lee

• Lee loved the United States and he thought that
  slavery was wrong!
• However, Lee was from Virginia and he said that
  he could not fight against his home state.
• Lee accepted President Davis offer to lead the
  Confederate Army.

9
The Civil War in Virginia

• After Virginia seceded from the Union, the
  Confederate States of America moved its capital
  to Richmond, Virginia.
• Many important Civil War battles were fought in
  Virginia.

10
Battle of Bull Run (Manassas)

• The first Battle of Bull Run (Manassas) was the
  first major clash of the Civil War.
• This is the battle where Thomas Stonewall
  Jackson earned his nickname!

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Thomas Stonewall Jackson

• It is said while the battle raged around him,
  Thomas Jackson stood calmly, like a stonewall.
• Stonewall Jackson played an important part in
  this battle and help lead the Confederacy to a
  victory at Bull Run.

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Thomas Stonewall Jackson

• He led Confederate troops into many battles.
• Jackson was a former officer in the U.S. Army and
  resigned to join the Confederate Army.
• Thomas Stonewall Jackson was from Virginia.

13
J.E.B. Stuart

• J.E.B. Stuart was also a former U.S. Army leader.
  He resigned (quit) his job to join the
  Confederate Army.
• He was the leader of the Confederate Armys
  Cavalry.
• He was called the eyes of the army by Robert E.
  Lee.
• J.E.B. Stuart was from Virginia.

14
The Civil War in Virginia

• The Confederacy had won the first major battle of
  the war.
• This was just one of many battles fought in
  Virginia.

15
The Civil War in Virginia

• Virginia was a major battleground of the Civil
  War because much of it lay between the capitals
  of the two sides Richmond and Washington, D.C.

16
The North Sets Up a Naval Blockade of the South

• Blockade the patrolling of an enemy countrys
  coast by warships to prevent the enemy from
  sending or receiving weapons, ammunition,
  reinforcements, or food from other countries.

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The North Sets Up a Naval Blockade of the South

• Abraham Lincoln used the Union Navy to blockade
  many important southern ports.
• This made it difficult for the South to sell its
  agricultural products to other countries. They
  used the money to buy supplies for the army!

18
Battle at Sea

• An important sea battle took place between two
  iron-clad ships.
• The battle took place in Virginia waters near
  Norfolk and Hampton. (Hampton Roads area)
• The Union ship was called the Monitor.
• The Confederate ship was called the Merrimack.

19
Battle at Sea

• The battle between the Monitor and the Merrimack
  was fought to a draw.
• A draw means that there was no winner or no loser!

20
The War Rages On!

• Fredericksburg, VA - Lee defeats the Union Army
  here.
• The Unions economic and manpower advantages
  begin to take a toll on the Confederate Army.
• The naval blockade was strangling the economy of
  the South.

21
The Fall of Richmond

• Richmond falls to Ulysses S. Grant and the Union
  Army. In order to keep supplies from falling into
  the enemys hands, the Confederate Army burns the
  city!
• Lee and the Confederate Army retreated to the
  west!

22
The War Ends!

• The Civil War ended at Appomattox Court House,
  Virginia.
• Lee surrendered his army to Union General Ulysses
  S. Grant in April 1865.
• The war was now over!

23
Roles of Groups During the U.S. Civil War

• Whites, enslaved African Americans, free African
  Americans, and American Indians all had various
  roles during the Civil War.
• Most white Virginians supported the Confederacy.

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Roles of Groups During the U.S. Civil War

• The Confederacy relied on enslaved African
  Americans to raise crops and provide labor for
  the army.

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Roles of Groups During the U.S. Civil War

• Some free African Americans felt their limited
  rights could best be protected by supporting the
  Confederacy.
• Many freed African Americans fought for the U.S.
  Army.

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Roles of Groups During the U.S. Civil War

• Most American Indians did not take sides during
  the Civil War.

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Virginias Connection to the Civil War Today

• You may recognize this common road sign in
  Virginia. Tourists come from around the world to
  learn about Virginias role in the U.S. Civil War!