Biological Communities

1
Biological Communities

• Chapter 17

2
Community Interactions

• Coevolution-Adjustments between members of an
  ecosystem
• Adaptations-Change that increases chance of
  survival
• Symbiosis-Two or more species live together

3
Predation

• Benefits one harms the other (/-)
• One organism kills another for food
• Ex Snake eating a mouse

4
Parasitism

• Benefits one harms the other (/-)
• One organism feeds usually lives on or in
  another organism (dont typically kill the host)
• Ex parasite on marine fish

5
Mutualism

• Benefits both (/)

Zebra Bird
Bee Flower
6
Camouflage Poor-will (left), lizard (right)
7
Aposematic (warning) coloration in a poisonous
blue frog
8
Deceptive coloration moth with "eyeballs"
9
Mimicry
10
Commensalism
Benefits one the other is neither helped or
harmed (/0)
Clown fish sea anemone
Crabs sea anemone
11
Competition

• Benefits neither species (-/-)
• Two species directly competing for same resource
• Niche organisms job in an ecosystem
• What does it do? Eat?
• Where does it live?
• Ways of dealing with competition
• Different niches use different resources

12
Biomes Communities found over large areas
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Climate Temperature Precipitation
14
Rain Forest highest biodiversity Ex Puerto Rico
15
Savannah grasses scattered trees, fire Ex
East Africa
16
Coniferous Forest (Taiga) cold wet Ex Canada
17
Tundra permafrost, very cold, high wind, low
rainfall, short vegetation Ex Alaska
18
Desert lt30 cm rainfall/ yr
19
Temperate Grassland (Prairies) moderate
climates, rich soil
20
Temperate Deciduous Forest Mild climates,
eastern US