The Properties of Matter

1
The Properties of Matter

• Matter can be classified based on its properties.
• Some of the properties of matter are mass,
  magnetism, and the ability to conduct heat,
  electricity, or sound.
• Matter has three states solid, liquid, or gas
• Each substance has some characteristics that stay
  the same, like its boiling and melting points.

2
Properties of Matter Continued

• Mixtures combine different kinds of matter
  (substances).
• When a solution is formed, some of the physical
  properties of its ingredients change.

3
What is Matter?

• Matter is everything that takes up space (volume)
  and has mass.
• NOT EVERYTHING is matter. For example, light and
  electricity are not matter, because they do not
  have mass and they do not take up their own
  separate space.
• Think of some things that are and are not matter.

4
The Properties of Matter

• A property is a characteristic or quality that
  describes a particular type of matter.
• Examples of properties
• Mass
• Solid, liquid, or gas
• Conducts heat, sound, or electricity
• Magnetism

5
The Three States of Matter

• Solids have a fixed volume and shape
• Molecules are locked into a fixed position
• Liquids will take the shape of whatever container
  it is in
• Molecules vibrate faster and can move around each
  other
• Gases has no fixed shape and no fixed volume
• Molecules move so rapidly, they spread out in all
  directions
• Evaporation is when water turns from a liquid to
  a gas.

6
Melting and Boiling Points

• Melting Pointthe temperature when a substance
  turns from a solid to a liquid
• Water freezes at 0 C.
• Boiling Pointthe temperature when a liquid turns
  into a gas
• Water boils at 100 C.
• Substance swill always have the same melting and
  boiling point. It does not change.

7
Changing States of Matter

• Substances can change from one state to another
  at certain temperatures.
• Solids change to liquids when a solid absorbs
  enough energy (thermal).
• - Ex) ice to water
• butter melting
• melted wax (candle)

8
Changing States of Matter (cont.)

• Liquids change to a gas when it receives or
  absorbs energy (thermal). When a liquid starts to
  boil, it rapidly changes to a gas (evaporation).
• EX) water boiling to water vapor
• puddles disappearing
• Gases change to liquids when it releases enough
  energy or the energy is removed.
• Ex) water vapor condenses and forms
• raindrops or dew.
• fogged mirror after a hot shower.

9
Changing States of Matter (cont.)

• Liquids change to a solid when energy is removed
  or released. The liquid freezes changing to a
  solid.
• Ex) water to ice
• melted gold to jewelry
• lava to obsidian

10
Mass and Weight

• Mass is how much there is of an objectthe amount
  of an object.
• Scientist measure mass in grams or kilograms
  using a pan-balance or a triple-beam balance.
• Weight is the force of attraction created by
  gravity.
• Our weight would change on another planet, but
  our mass would not.

11
Magnetism

• A magnet will attract, or pull towards or even
  pick up, some metals, such as iron, nickel,
  cobalt and steel.
• Metals that are attracted to a magnet are
  magnetic.
• Metals or non-metals that a magnet has no effect
  on are non-magnetic.

12
Conductivity

• Conductivity is the ability of matter to carry
  heat, sound, or electricity.
• Insulators are objects that do not conduct heat,
  sound, or electricity. They can be used to block
  the flow of heat, sound, or electricity.
• Copper wires are good conductors of electricity,
  but rubber is not. Electrical wires are covered
  with rubber to insulate them.

13
Mixtures and Solutions

• A mixture is when different things are mixed
  together but not chemically combined.
• An example of a mixture is a salad. The lettuce,
  carrots, tomatoes and cucumbers make up a salad,
  but each of those ingredients keeps its own
  characteristics.

14
Chemical Combination or Mixture?

• When atoms from two different types of matter
  combine, a new substance is formed. This new
  substance has different characteristics than the
  original substance. Water is combined from
  hydrogen and oxygen atoms and is different than
  either gas.
• In a mixture, such as a salad, each ingredient
  keeps its own characteristics.

15
Types of Mixtures

• Solid with a Solid
• Sugar and Sand
• Solid with a Liquid
• Chocolate powder and milk
• Liquid and Gas Mixtures
• Water and Salad Oil
• Air is a mixture of different types of gases
• Soda is a mixture of liquid and gas

16
Main Ideas About Mixtures

• In mixtures, ingredients are NOT chemically
  joined.
• Ingredients keep many of their same
  characteristics.
• Ingredients in a mixture can be separated out.

17
Separation Methods

• Magnetismif one of the ingredients in a mixture
  is magnetic, you can use a magnet to separate the
  materials.
• Filterif the ingredients in a mixture have
  particles that are different sizes, or one
  mixture is a liquid and the other is a solid, you
  can pour the mixture over a filter or filter
  screen.
• Boiling or evaporatingif the mixture has a solid
  dissolved in water you can wait for the water to
  evaporate or boil the water. The solid will
  remain in the container.

18
Solutions

• Solutions are special kinds of mixtures.
• In a solution, one substance dissolves into
  another. An example of this is when you stir
  sugar into tea. The sugar breaks into tiny
  particles that are surrounded by the water
  molecules.
• Not every mixture is solution. If a substance
  does not dissolve, there is not a solution. Sand
  does not dissolve in water, it will settle to the
  bottom. This is not a solution.
• Apply what you learned on page 100.

19
Separating Ingredients from a Solution

• Boil a solution to separate the liquid from the
  solid.
• Put a stick or string into a sugar-water
  solution. The particles of sugar will stick to
  the stick or string and will eventually form
  sugar crystals.