www.BehaviorAdvisor.com

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www.BehaviorAdvisor.com

• This slide show is part of a workshop given by
  Tom McIntyre (Dr. Mac)

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Your Do Now Activity

• Consider the following questions and formulate a
  general response. Be prepared to offer your
  thoughts if called upon by the instructor.
• What is the causation of inappropriate behavior
  in humans? What accounts for aberrant or
  deviant behavior?
• Inborn, instinctual drives
• Learned through interaction with ones
  environment and feedback from it.
• Physiological, genetic, neurological, or
  biochemical
• Psychological states and underlying psychic
  conflicts
• Other (please explain)

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Populist Views

• The weather
• Thomas Gordon on teaching I am the weather
• Sun spots phases of the moon
• Talk shows on TV 
• Space aliens
• Elvis impersonators
• Mimes (my personal belief)
• The devil
• Any others?

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So Wadda Ya Think?

• With regards to the Do Now activity
• Can one view explain all instances of undesirable
  actions?
• Is one view more often correct than others?

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Models

• Models attempt to
• Explain the derivation of human behavior
• Identify the causation / etiology of aberrant
  actions
• Set goals and promote methods for restoring
  someone to a state of normality.
• Models often reflect or promote an ideology.
• Reality is merely a commonly accepted illusion.
  (unknown commentator)

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Some Existing Models Bio-genic(Bio-medical)

• Its premise?
• Disordered behavior can be traced to
  physiological, genetic, neurological, or
  biochemical causes
• Aberrant actions are explained in terms of
  illness/disease.
• Treatment?
• Surgery ?How so? ?When and why?
• Medication?
• Dietary changes?
• Exercise?
• Environmental modifications?

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Bio-genic Intervention?
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Some Existing Models Psycho-Dynamic

• Behavior problems due to pathological imbalance
  between the dynamic parts of the personality
• Id, Superego, Ego
• Deviant behavior is subconscious phenomena of
  inner turmoil (due to combo of biological
  early environmental influences).
• Must come to understand unconscious motivation if
  wish to treat it. Unless understood, the
  problem will not be solved.
• Simply treating the behavior causes symptom
  substitution (Ones needs have not been met, so
  finds another way to meet them).
• Educational interventions? What see in the
  schools?
• Permissive accepting teacher no restraints on
  behavior
• Psychotherapy for the child (to identify
  understand the causes of the inappropriate
  behavior)
• Classroom in which the child can freely express
  feelings
• Suitable for the public schools?

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Some Existing Models Psycho-Ed

• The psychoeducational model is concerned with
  "unconscious motivations underlying conflicts
  (hallmarks of psychodynamic model)
• Also recognizes the real world demands of
  everyday functioning in the students life
  spaces
• school
• home
• community.
• Uses procedures developed for this model (LSI,
  crisis intervention) borrows from others
  (reflective listening, ABAs prescriptive
  teaching).
• However, the development of positive
  interpersonal relationships is the key component
  in motivating EBD students to change to more
  acceptable behavior patterns.

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Some Existing Models Ecological

• Some part of students social ecology is
  polluted or out of balance.
• This approach studies the child within his/her
  social surroundings (school, home, neighborhood,
  playground, etc.).
• Intervention is directed toward child's social
  system.
• What are some ways in which the school might go
  beyond its typical educational mission to promote
  positive change in the students life spaces?
• Student joins positive groups, such as?
• Home supports, such as?
• Interagency cooperation? Huh? (Eh for
  Canadians)

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Some Existing Models ABA

• Presently the most widespread influential view
• ABA is an acronym for?
• What do you know about ABA?
• Disordered behavior is caused by inappropriate
  learning.
• Behavior, therefore, can be changed by
  manipulating the consequences of those
  behaviors.
• Treatment is directed only at overt, observable
  behaviors.
• Non-behavioral factors such as feelings and
  motivation are not considered.
• The model represents a scientific approach, using
  the principles procedures of natural science.

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NextMama Mia! ABA is not a singing group from
Scandinavia

• Consider this question How is it that ABA became
  the most influential model in education of
  students with behavioral disabilities?

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Social-Cognitive Model

• The new kid on the block. Combines natural
  science procedures (ABA) with what is known about
  learning, cognition, affect/feelings/emotions
  (Psycho-Educational Humanistic/Counter-school
  movement of early 1970sMaslow, Rogers, etc.).
• Albert Bandura is the pioneer in this fusion
  model.
• Behavior involves continual reciprocal
  interactions between cognitive, behavioral,
  environmental influences. Actions, personal
  variables, environment constantly influence
  each other in what Bandura (1977) calls triadic
  reciprocacy.
• In other words Environmental responses to our
  actions shape our responses to events (ABA), but
  they dont do it alone. We also think about
  those events our actions. Emotions
  relationships affect how we respond in situations
  may overrule previously reinforced actions
  (Psycho-Ed).

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• The S-C model recognizes that people who have
  intact cognitive abilities (unlike autistic,
  mentally retarded, etc.) proficiently use
  symbols to communicate, anticipate future
  events, learn from their experiences, have the
  ability to regulate their actions, often
  reflect upon them.
• It is the person variables the ability to think,
  act, exhibit self control, that are most
  conducive to intervention in cognitively intact
  individuals.
• S-C interventions have students observe, learn,
  practice appropriate actions.
• Some common interventions include training in
  self- instruction (leading oneself through
  steps), self-talk (evaluating validating ones
  actions cleansing oneself of inaccurate
  beliefsR.E.T. ), self-restraint, anger
  management, social skills, cognitive
  restructuring (learning steps for thinking
  through situations).

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Where do you hang your hat?

• Does one model appeal to you more than the
  others? Why?
• Might some models be more appropriate for
  diagnosing remediating certain conditions?
• Most professionals prefer one model while also
  being an informed eclectic?
• Having a preferred model, but recognizing the
  validity utility of other models. Makes use of
  practices from multiple models. Sees different
  models as being more appropriate for different
  individuals.

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Which Model ? Clickers

• Mr. Lee has created a classroom climate in which
  students feel welcomed and valued. When
  misbehavior crops up, a short, private reminder
  from him usually redirects the youngster.
  Students also strive to reach their behavior
  goal of the week in order to please him. They
  trust him to keep their best interests at heart
  treat them respectfully.
• Bio-genic / Bio-medical
• Psychodynamic
• Psychoeducational
• Ecological
• Applied Behavior Analysis
• Social-cognitive

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Which Model ? Clickers

• Weis behavior in the classroom, home, and scouts
  has been impulsive overactive. His parents
  struggled with the choice of whether or not to
  administer Ritalin to him. The family and
  physician are now engaging in the titration
  process (adjusting the dosage for maximum
  positive effect minimal side effects)
• Bio-genic / Bio-medical
• Psychodynamic
• Psychoeducational
• Ecological
• Applied Behavior Analysis
• Social-cognitive

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Which Model ? Clickers

• Ms. Pappanikou works in an institutional setting
  for youth at risk (for life failure). In her
  classroom, students decide whether to work,
  socialize, or sleep. While she may try to engage
  them in a non-directive discussion of their
  off-task actions, she intervenes assertively only
  if behavior becomes aggressive (toward self or
  others). Youngsters who are aggressive or appear
  distressed are sent to a psychologist who assists
  the youngster in better understanding his/her
  feelings. The school offers many therapies (art,
  movement, talk).
• Bio-genic / Bio-medical
• Psychodynamic
• Psychoeducational
• Ecological
• Applied Behavior Analysis
• Social-cognitive

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Which Model ? Clickers

• Senora Martinez is concerned about the tantrum
  behavior of Tyrice. She collected data on when,
  where, and for how long specific behaviors
  occurred. She also noted what happened before
  and after the behavior.
• At a team meeting it became apparent that the
  tantrums were designed to gain the teachers
  undivided attention for a length of time. Now
  when tantrums occur, the child is isolated and
  ignored. Appropriate ways of seeking attention
  are taught and positively recognized when used.
• Bio-genic / Bio-medical
• Psychodynamic
• Psychoeducational
• Ecological
• Applied Behavior Analysis
• Social-cognitive

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Which Model ? Clickers

• Mr. Szabo is teaching his students how to use the
  problem solving steps when they are unsure of how
  to respond to pressures decisions in their
  lives. Hes also teaching them to avoid stinkin
  thinkin negative self talk in which they
  degrade themselves their abilities.
• Bio-genic / Bio-medical
• Psychodynamic
• Psychoeducational
• Ecological
• Applied Behavior Analysis
• Social-cognitive

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• End

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