Earthquakes - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Earthquakes

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Earthquakes Fault Break or fracture in lithosphere Shows evidence of moving Usually located along plate boundaries Normal fault Tectonic plates are moving apart ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Earthquakes


1
Earthquakes
2
Fault
  • Break or fracture in lithosphere
  • Shows evidence of moving
  • Usually located along plate boundaries

3
Normal fault
  • Tectonic plates are moving apart
  • Lithosphere is stretching

4
Reverse fault or thrust fault
  • Tectonic plates are moving towards one another
  • Oreo demo

5
Strike-Slip fault
  • Tectonic plates slide past each other

6
What causes an earthquake?
  • The release of stored up energy as the plates
    move past each other
  • The energy moves outward from the fault in all
    directions in the form of waves
  • When the waves reach the earths surface this
    causes the ground to shake

7
Primary waves
  • Compression waves
  • Push and pull
  • Slinky demo
  • The fastest seismic wave

8
Secondary waves
  • Shear waves
  • Side to side motion
  • Slinky demo
  • Slower than primary waves
  • Compare to thunder and lightning

9
Love waves
  • Surface waves
  • Cause the most damage to buildings
  • Travel the slowest of all seismic waves

10
How far is the earthquake?
  • Detect p-waves and s-waves on a seismograph
  • Calculate difference between waves

11
  • Calculate distance to earthquake
  • Distance rate X time
  • Example
  • You are traveling 30 miles/hour and you
    travel for 2 hours. What distance have you
    traveled?
  • Distance (30 miles/hour)x(2 hours)
  • 60 miles

12
3 locations to determine where earthquake is
located
13
How can structures be built to withstand
earthquakes?
  • Structure demos
  • Weight
  • Height
  • Shape

14
Test how building react in earthquakes
  • Decide on a design for your building
  • Draw a picture
  • Build structure out of spaghetti and clay
  • Test structure on shake table
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