Self-Esteem%20and%20Body%20Image%20in%20Adolescents

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Self-Esteem and Body Image in Adolescents
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Defining Self-Esteem

• Self-esteem
• Individuals sense of his/her worth extent to
  which a person values, approves of, or
  appreciates himself/herself
• Self-concept
• more global sense of self-worth
• Self-efficacy
• Ones belief that one has the ability to complete
  or accomplish a particular task

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Body Image

• Linked to self-esteem and self-concept
• Shaped by past experiences
• Positive or Negative
• Affects Boys and girls

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What Is Body Image?

• Relates to how you feel about your body and what
  you think your body look like to others
• Formed at an early age
• Influenced by our parents, caregivers, peers and
  life experiences
• Every body is different
• Ideal body weight is the weight that allows us to
  feel strong and energetic and lets us lead a
  healthy life

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Effect on Early Childhood

• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vYOHbtM9463c
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vZAyD-Hm6y44

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How do I know if I suffer from Body Image issues?

• Do you
• Weigh or measure yourself daily or more
• Allow the number on the scale to determine how
  you feel about yourself
• Under eat when with others and over eat when by
  yourself
• Restrict food intake all day and overeat on
  weekends
• Have a closet full of clothes in different sizes
• Believe that all of your lifes problems would be
  solved if only you were thin
• Feel guilty and ashamed when you eat anything
  other than diet food
• Find yourself constantly critical of your body or
  specific body parts
• Are waiting to be thinner before beginning any
  new activity like exercising, dating, getting a
  part time job etc

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Body Projects

• In the 20th century, North American girls have
  made their bodies projects as a form of
  self-definition and self-expression.
• As the female body has become more and more
  exposed in the media (particularly in film) the
  demands on beauty and dietary regimens have
  increased.

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• A brief history
• 1920sthe century of slimming
• college women began dieting,
• flapper image in vogue
• 1930smodern bra comes into existence
• prior to this it was a camisole,
• store manufacturing of clothes rather than
  homemade girls are made to adapt
• bodies to clothes rather than the other
• way around

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More

• 1960sdieting becomes a persistent preoccuation,
  rather than episodic
• girls start dieting at 9 or 10 instead
• of 15
• 1980ssmaller bikinis, and the jeaning of
  America all promoted leaner thighs (NO thunder
  thighs)
• hair is also a major focus
• p

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• 1990spiercings!
• what used to be exotic and more characteristic
  of primitive people becomes the latest form of
  self expression
• 2000s???
• Slim and toned bodies
• Tattoos/piercings
• Lasik vision correction
• Teeth whitening/cosmetic Surgery

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Research on Media Exposure

• A 2005 study showed exposure to models (ultra
  thin or average size) resulted in lower body
  satisfaction and lower self-esteem in girls aged
  11-16.
• A 2003 study of female undergraduates showed that
  both magazine and TV exposure to thin ideals were
  related to body dissatisfaction.

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• In a 2005 study of the relationship between
  television viewing and body attitudes on 1,500
  eighth through eleventh grade boys and girls, the
  following was found
• girls considered themselves as more overweight
  than boys
• boys watched more TV than girls but watched
  sports, entertainment, and information shows for
  enjoyment while girls watched soap operas and
  music videos and did so for social learning
  purposes
• watching soap operas was related to drive for
  thinness for boys and girls
• watching music videos was not related to any body
  image variable for girls, but was related to
  drive for muscularity for boys

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Positive Body Image

• Realistic perception of the body
• Understand that healthy, attractive bodies come
  in many shapes and sizes, and that physical
  appearance says very little about character or
  value
• Assessment of the body is separate from a sense
  of self-esteem

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Negative body image

• Body dysmorphic disorder
• Over-preoccupation with an imagined physical
  defect in appearance
• Usually nose, skin, or hair
• Anxiety and/or depression
• Muscle dysmorphia (bigorexia)
• Over-preoccupation with the perception or feeling
  that ones muscles are too small or too weak
• Spend unrealistic amounts of time working out in
  the gym, and yet they dont feel good enough

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Positive and Negative Body Image

• People with positive body image exhibit
• Self-confidence, energy, vitality and positive
  self-appraisal
• Feelings of attractiveness and beauty
• Trust and respect for their bodies
• Freedom of expression with their bodies, not
  dependent on weight

• People with negative body image describe
• Dissatisfaction with their physical appearance
• Belief that their appearance is being scrutinized
  and evaluated by others
• Excessive emphasis on physical appearance in how
  they evaluate themselves
• Distressing preoccupation with their bodies
• Feelings of shame and/or embarrassment

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What Are Some Factors That Affect Body Image?

• Standards set by society and the culture that
  surrounds us
• Comments from family, friends, and others about
  our bodies, their bodies, and other peoples
  bodies
• Self-esteem (view our bodies and evaluate
  ourselves)
• History of abuse, teasing, life changes, and
  physical changes that may be a result of puberty,
  medical problems, surgery or sports injuries
• Images of idealized versus normal bodies

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Boosting a Body Image?

• What are three ways to boost body image?
• How can you change your body type?
• If you know people who are always comparing
  themselves to others in terms of appearance, what
  could you do or say to help?
• How could participating in physical activity
  contribute to positive body image?

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Exposure to Mass Media and Weight Concerns

• Girls between Grades 5 and 12
• 69 reported that magazine pictures influence
  their idea of the perfect body shape
• 47 reported wanting to lose weight because of
  magazine pictures
• Girls who were frequent readers of fashion
  magazines were two to three times more likely
  than infrequent readers
• To diet to lose weight because of a magazine
  article
• To exercise to lose weight because of a magazine
  article
• To feel that magazines influence what they
  believe is the ideal body shape

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Dove Self-Esteem Fund

• Think critically about the media and about how
  much the media work to influence people of all
  ages
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vIHqzlxGGJFo

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The Power of Advertising

• Advertising is the most influential media in our
  culture
• It reflects our daydreams, affects what we eat,
  what we wear, how we look and play.
• It is ALL AROUND US!

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Perfection
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Women in Advertising

• Media portrays women in debilitating, demeaning
  and inaccurate ways
• It presents women as flawless, decorative
  objects, and creates unrealistic expectations for
  women

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Women are Decorative/Sex Objects
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Cultivating Images of Thinness

• In advertising, women receive more messages
  about slimness and staying in shape than men do
• Thinness is associated with good health and
  attractiveness
• In fact, images of thinness are a major cause of
  the eating disorders.

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Thin is BeautifulThinness is Associated with
Health
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Magazine Models

• Dont believe everything that you see and read!

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Real or Not?
Real
Not
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Facts!

• there are 3 BILLION women who dont look like
  super models and only 8 who do
• Marilyn Monroe wore a size 12 (that would make
  her a PLUS size model today)
• If shop mannequins were real women, theyd be
  too thin to menstruate
• models in magazines are airbrushed theyre not
  perfect
• 20 years ago, models weighed 8 less than the
  average women. Today, they weigh 23 less

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How to improve body image

• Celebrate our natural sizes enjoy the diversity
  of our body shapes
• Become informed and recognize and challenge myths
  and misperceptions about body image
• Challenge weight prejudice. Challenge the media.
• Boycott the diet industry
• Educate others around the issues of weight
  prejudice and set point theory
• Surround yourself with a range of realistic body
  images
• Surround yourself with positive people who build
  you up, not tear you down
• Positive affirmations learning to love yourself
  is a process, it takes time to truly love the
  skin you are in ?

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Body Myths

• Myth 1 Overeating Causes Overweight
• Animal research suggests at least 51 causes of
  overweight, including genetic, metabolic and
  other environmental factors.
• Myth 2 Dieting is Effective
• Clinical studies show that up to 95 of dieters
  regain the weight lost, usually within the first
  year. (yo-yo dieters)
• Myth 3 Dieting is Healthy
• In addition to inadequate nutrition, dieting has
  been implicated in the development of weakness,
  fatigue, binge eating, bulimia, weight gain and
  obesity. (Dont diet, make lifestyle changes!!!)
• Myth 4 Everyone Can Be Slim
• Many researchers are suggesting that the body has
  a "set point" or biological control for the
  amount fat in the body weight is determined
  predominately by genetics and early nutrition.