Civil Rights Movements Across America

1
Civil Rights Movements Across America

• Ch.18

2
Latinos of Varied Origins

• Mexican Americans
• 1miilion came in 1900s following the Mexican
  Revolution
• some came in the 1940s and 1950s as braceros,
  and 1 million came in the 60s

3
Latinos of Varied Origins

• Puerto Ricans
• immigrating after the Spanish American War of
  1898, and by 1960s 1miilion in the US
• Cubans
• Fled Castros govt after 1959 and large
  communities formed in NYC, Miami, NJ
• 1960s thousand of Central and South American
  emigrated

4
Latinos Fight For Change

• In 1966 Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta merged
  their new unions to form the United Farm Workers
  Organizing Committee

5
Latinos Fight For Change

• Chavez believed in non-violence in dealing with
  Californias large fruit and vegetable companies
  (Ex. Boycotts/Fast)
• In the 1960s the Chicano Movement took off,
  Brown Power and the Brown Berets demanded
  Spanish speaking classes and Chicano studies
  programs at universities (Bilingual ED. Act of
  1968)

6
Native Americans Fight For Equality

• Suffered high unemployment rates, alcoholism,
  infant mortality rates and suicides
• In 1961 reps from 61 tribes drafted the
  Declaration of Indian Purpose
• In 1968 LBJ established the National Council on
  Indian Opportunity

7
Voices of Protests

• In 1968 the AIM (American Indian Movement) was
  formed to demand lands, burial grounds, fishing/
  timber rights, and a respect of their culture

8
Womens movements of the 1960s
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Background

• Second wave of activism.
• Drew inspiration from the civil rights movement
• It was made up of members of the middle class
• It was also caused by the sexual revolution of
  the 1960s
• Sparked by the development of the birth-control
  pill in 1960

10
National Organization for Women (NOW)

• Founded in 1966.
• by a group of people, including Betty Friedan,
  and Rev. Pauli Murray.
• The first African-American woman Episcopal
  priest.
• Betty Friedan became the organization's first
  president.

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NOW (cont.)

• The goal of NOW is to bring about equality for
  all women.
• They campaigned to gain passage of the Equal
  Rights Amendment (ERA) at the state level.
• Issues NOW deals with
• works to eliminate discrimination and harassment
  in the workplace, schools, and the justice
  system.
• secure abortion, birth control and reproductive
  rights for all women
• end all forms of violence against women
• eradicate racism, sexism and homophobia
• promote equality and justice in society.

12
Betty Friedan

• Wrote the book, Feminine Mystique in 1963.
• In her book, she depicted the roles of women in
  industrial societies.
• She focused most of her attention on the
  housewife role of women.
• She referred to the problem of gender roles as
  "the problem without a name".
• The book became a bestseller and was the cause
  for the second wave of feminism in the 60s.

Feb. 4th, 1921- Feb. 4th, 2006
http//us.history.wisc.edu/hist102/pdocs/friedan_f
eminine.pdf
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First national Commission on the Status of Women

• President Kennedyestablished the firstnational
  Commissionon the Status of Women in 1961.
• In 1963 the commission issued a report detailing
  employment discrimination, unequal pay, legal
  inequality, and insufficient support services for
  working women.

14
Equal Pay Act 1963

• It is the first federal law prohibiting sexual
  discrimination.
• In 1963 the average female workers wages in the
  United States were equivalent to 58.9 of the
  average male workers earnings.
• It abolished wage differences based on sex.
• No employer having employees subject to any
  provisions of this section section 206 of title
  29 of the United States Code shall discriminate,
  within any establishment in which such employees
  are employed, between employees on the basis of
  sex by paying wages to employees in such
  establishment at a rate less than the rate at
  which he pays wages to employees of the opposite
  sex in such establishment for equal work on
  jobs --
  Equal Pay Act

15
The Civil Rights Act of 1964

• Passed in 1964.
• It banned discrimination on the basis of color,
  race, national origin, religion, or sex.
• Section VII set up the Equal Employment
  Opportunity Commission (EEOC) to enforce the act.

16
Roe vs. Wade

• 1973 Supreme Court Case
• Women had the right to choose an abortion during
  the first 3 months of pregnancy.

17
1960s Counterculture
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The Hippie Movement

• The term hippie comes from being hip. You were
  either hip or you were a square or a pig.
• Hippies were looking for an alternative way to
  live life.
• Most hippies valued freedom, nature, intimacy,
  peace, sharing, and spirituality.

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Way of Life

• Hippies wanted to distance themselves from
  mainstream ways of life.
• They discarded possessions and often lived in
  parks or campsites in the woods.

• Living like this made them feel free
• Nudity was another form of freedom

20
Counterculture Fashion

• Hippies distanced themselves from mainstream
  culture by their dress.
• Colorful, flowing clothing, beads, headbands
  bellbottoms, and tie-dye were popular.
• Men wore their hair and beards long or in afros.
  
• Hippies were often called longhairs

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San Francisco and Haight Ashbury

• San Francisco was the birthplace of the
  counterculture/hippy movement.
• By 1965 hippies had taken over the Haight
  Ashbury district.
• Haight Ashbury district contains Golden Gate
  Park home of the Trips Festival

This is a 20,000-strong be-in at Golden gate park
in 1967
22
Hippie Music

• The most popular music of the time was
  psychedelic rock
• Bands like Jefferson Airplane, Quicksilver
  Messenger Service, the Jimi Hendrix Experience
  and the Grateful Dead played free concerts at
  Golden Gate Park.
• Concerts were places for hippies to protest,
  socialize, dance, or take drugs.
• At Woodstock over 250,000 hippies showed up to
  hear artists like Janis Joplin, The Who, Canned
  Heat, The Allman Brothers, and County Joe and the
  Fish.

23
Woodstock

• Woodstock was not just a music concert. For
  thousands who couldnt even hear the music it
  was a profound religious experience.
• Meager resources were shared with everyone.
• Many people at Woodstock used illegal drugs

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Drug Culture

• Drugs like marijuana and LSD were a big part of
  the hippy/counterculture movement.
• Using drugs made hippies feel like the were
  rebelling from mainstream society.