Civil Rights

1
Civil Rights
2
13th Amendment

• 1865 abolished slavery as a legal institution.

3
14th Amendment

• Was designed to grant citizenship and protect
  civil liberties of recently freed slaves.

4
15th Amendment

• 1870 Protects rights of citizens to vote
  regardless of race, color, or previous condition
  of slavery.

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Racism

• deeply rootedprejudice whichmay beexpressed
  inthe idea thatone race issuperior
  toanother.
• Governor George Wallace attempting toblock
  integration at the University ofAlabama, 1963.

6
Jim Crow

• Jim Crow was not aperson, yet affectedthe
  lives of millions ofpeople. Named aftera
  popular 19th-century minstrel songthat
  stereotypedAfrican Americans,"Jim Crow" came
  topersonify the systemof government-sanctioned
  racialoppression andsegregation in theUnited
  States

7
Literacy Tests

• Southern (and some western) stateshad elaborate
  voter registration procedures whose primary
  purpose was to deny the vote to those who were
  not white. In the South, this process was often
  called the "literacy test." In fact, it was much
  more than a simple test, it was an entire complex
  system devoted to denying Blacks the right  to
  vote.

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Segregation

• The separation of the races by law in all aspects
  of society - schools, housing,restaurants, club,
  buses and trains,theaters, and all kinds of
  public and privatefacilities.

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Types of Segregation

• De Facto Segregation
• Segregation that exists by practice and customs

• De Jure Segregation Segregation by law

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Separate but Equal

• the legal principle, first set forth in the 1896
  Supreme Court case Plessy v. Ferguson, that
  separate facilities and accommodations for Black
  people were constitutional so long as these
  resources were equal in quality to those provided
  for the white community.

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Separate but Equal?

• WhiteSchools
• BlackSchools

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Prejudice

• a negative attitude oropinion about aperson or
  groupbased upon thatperson or group'srace,
  color, religion,national origin,ethnicity,
  accent,gender, disability, orother
  externalcharacteristic.

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Ku Klux Klan

• The KuKlux Klan(KKK) wasoriginallyformed
  toterrorizeand scareBlacks

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Lynching

• murder by mob violence, without due process of
  law.

15
NAACP

• Thurgood Marshall worked with NAACP to help
  overturn older court rulings on segregation.
  Most notably Brown vs. Board of Education
• National Association for theAdvancement of
  Colored People(NAACP) is a civil rights
  organization. Itworks to end discrimination
  againstblacks and other minority groups.

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Brown vs. Topeka, KS Board of Education

• Landmark Supreme Court Case that effectively
  denied the legal basis for segregation in schools

17
All Deliberate Speed

• Words used by theU.S. SupremeCourt in 1955 in
  itsruling on howcommunities wereto implement
  theCourts Brown v.Topeka Board ofEducation
  decisionof the previousyear

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Integration

• removing allbarriers andplacing all groupsof
  people togetherAlso known asdesegregation

19
EXECUTIVE ORDER

• rule or orderissued by anexecutivebranch of
  agovernment(ex. thepresident of theUnited
  States)and carryingthe force of law

20
Little Rock 9

• Nine African American Students who were suppose
  to be allowed to attend an all white school in
  Little Rock.
• They faced huge racism and had to be escorted by
  the National Guard when parents, students,
  teachers and mayor refused to allow them to
  attend.

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EMMITT TILL

• 14 yr. oldsaying Byebaby to a whitewoman
  inMississippi

22
Matthew Shepard

• In 1998 tied to a fence and beaten into a comma.
• Matt would die 8 days later from his injuries
• For being GAY!

23
Civil Rights Leaders

• Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.
• First famous for Montgomery Bus Boycott that
  lasted 381 days
• Admired Gandhi
• Won Nobel Peace Prize
• March on Washington

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Martin Luther Kings Ideology

• Expose the racism, prejudice, discrimination and
  brutality that existed in the Southern United
  States.
• Use non-violent means to highlight the violence,
  and ensure support.
• Use civil disobedience to promote the change he
  wanted.

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Civil Disobedience

• the practice ofavoidingviolence as ameans
  toresolveconflict or endinjustice

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Boycotts

• Boycott is a refusal todeal with an
  individual,organization, orbusiness.
• 1955

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Sit-ins

• An act ofoccupyingseats in araciallysegregated
  establishmentin organizedprotestagainstdiscri
  mination

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FREE RIDERS / SCLC / SNCL

• Southern Christian Leadership Council
  (non-violent crusades)
• Student Non-violent Coordinating Committee
• Often leaders to boycotts and sit-ins

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Malcolm X

• Formerly Malcolm Little
• Changed his name in Prison
• Memorized the English Dictionary
• Learned Islam and became Muslim
• Voice of the Muslim Brotherhood

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Malcolms Ideology

• Believed African Americans should stand up and
  fight for their freedom. Black Nationalism
• Believed violence was necessary to earn freedom.
• Believed that the Christian religion was based on
  the white culture.

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Stokely Carmichael

• The Black Power Movement
• SNCC became more radical under the leadership of
  Stokely Carmichael.
• Carmichael advocated ideas of black power, which
  called upon African Americans to embrace their
  heritage, build communities, and lead their own
  organizations.
• The Black Panthers
• New militant political party called the Black
  Panthers was formed.
• The Black Panthers wanted African Americans to
  lead their own communities.
• Demanded that the federal government rebuild the
  nations ghettos.

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Consequences

• Martin Luther King
• One of the most widely revered figures in
  American History.
• Achieved legislation (Voting Rights Act and Civil
  Rights Act)
• He was shot outside a hotel in Memphis, Tennessee
  in 1968.
• Malcolm X
• Tensions arose between Malcolm and the Nation of
  Islam.
• Malcolm said he would defend himself against
  death threats.
• He was shot 16 times during a speech in 1965.

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MLK Jr. Day

• President Ronald Reagan signed the bill to make
  January 15th, the celebration of Dr. Kings
  birthday a national holiday.

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CIVIL RIGHTS ACT

• 1964 Civil Rights Actbanningsegregation
  inpublic facilities aswell as
  racialdiscrimination inemployment andeducation.

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The Voting's Rights Act of 1965

• The murder of voting-rights activists
  inMississippi, gainednational attention,along
  with numerousother acts of violenceand
  terrorism.
• President Johnsonissued a call for astrong
  voting rights law and hearings began thereafter
  on the bill that would become the Voting Rights
  Act.
• Voting Rights Act Ends discriminatory voting
  practices.