Section%20II:%20Wine%20Regions%20of%20Europe

1
Section II Wine Regions of Europe

• Chapter 8 Spain and Portugal

2
History of Wine Production

• Vines were already growing when the Phoenicians
  arrived around 1100 bc.
• Phoenicians started first commercial winemaking.
• Invading Carthaginians greatly expanded wine
  production.
• The Roman Empire began its fall in the second
  century ad and Germanic tribes invaded.
• In the 5th century AD, viticulture continued
  under the Goths.
• Moors ruled peacefully for over 600 years.
• Christians and Jews were allowed to continue
  making and consuming wines.
• Portugal declared itself a Christian kingdom in
  1136.
• Between 1300 and 1500, trade with rest of Europe
  increased.

3
Spanish WineHistorical Perspective

• 1492
• Spain became a united Christian country under one
  crown
• Christopher Columbus opened up a new world for
  Spanish and Portuguese trade, including wines
• Spanish Inquisition
• Foreign traders attracted by Spanish Sherry.
• Period of peaceful commercial enterprise didnt
  last.
• War with England
• England imposed heavy taxes

4
Spanish WineHistorical Perspective (cont.)

• During the early 19th century, vineyard acreage
  in Spain increased fourfold.
• By 1850, wine constituted fully one-third of all
  Spanish exports.
• Between 1878-1901, phylloxera decimated Spains
  vineyards.
• Spanish Civil War of 1936-1939
• Since General Francos death in 1975, Spain has
  transformed into a modern and prosperous nation.
• Spain is now producing a range of table wines,
  sparkling wines, and fortified wines for which
  the demand around the world is steadily growing.

5
Government Involvement

• The support of the Portuguese and Spanish
  governments takes three forms.
• Quality control laws that spell out boundaries of
  regions, regulate the production and naming of
  wines, and create regional agencies to oversee
  production and enforce regulations.
• With assistance from the European Union, research
  and development of improved viticultural and
  enological technologies, and monetary investment
  in training and physical equipment.
• National marketing programs that promote their
  countries as world-class wine regions and assist
  individual producers to devise sophisticated
  marketing strategies for foreign markets.

6
Wine Laws and Quality Designations

• Spains Denominación de Origen (DO) Laws
• boundaries of wine regions, allowed varietals,
  yield per hectare, pruning and trellising
  methods, vinification and aging requirements,
  minimum alcohol content, and labeling information
• Quality Designations of the INDO
• Vino de Mesa
• Vino de la Tierra
• Vinos de Calidad com Indicación Geográfica
• quality wines

7
The Wine Regions of Spain

• Galicia Rías Baixas, Ribeiro. and Beirzo
• Castilla y León Ribera del Duero, Rueda and Toro
• Northern Spain (Pias Vasco) Rioja, Navarra
• Navarra
• Cataluña Penedès, Priorato
• La Mancha
• Andalucía Jerez (Sherry)

8
Portuguese WineHistorical Perspective

• King Alphonse established first Parliament in
  1249.
• When England and France went to war in the 17th
  century, French wine became unattainable.
• Portugal became an alternative source for wine.
• The Treaty of Methuen gave protection to another,
  very new industry in Portugalthe cork industry.
• In the late 19th century, phylloxera hit
  Portugal, and some regions have never recovered.

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Portuguese WineHistorical Perspective (cont.)

• At the beginning of the 20th century, Portugal
  operated in relative isolation and amidst
  political and economical disruption.
• In 1926, Antonio de Oliveira Salazar, a small
  vineyard owner, stepped forward to take the
  position of Finance Minister.
• After becoming Prime Minister in 1932, Salazar
  completely reorganized the countrys wine
  business.
• Two years of Military-led revolution began in
  1974.
• In 1986 Portugal was admitted to the European
  Union.
• Improved technology and controlled fermentation
• Innovative leadership and vision of younger
  winemakers

10
Wine Laws for Portugal

• Portugal created the worlds first demarcated
  wine region in 1756, Douro where the grapes for
  Port are grown.
• The system of laws for Portugals Denominação de
  Origem Controlada (DOC)
• Spells out boundaries for wine regions,
  viticultural practices, vinification techniques,
  labeling requirements and distribution
• All laws are overseen by the Instituto da Vinha e
  Vinho.

11
Classifications in Portugals DOC

• Vinho de Mesa
• Vinho Regional
• Indicacao de Provenienca Reglamentada (IPR)
• Denominação de Origem Controlada

12
Wine Regions of Portugal

• Vinho Verde
• Douro
• Porto
• Bairrada and Dão
• Setúbal
• Alentejo
• Madeira

13
Styles of Port

• The aging process determines a Ports style
• Wood-matured
• Bottle-aged
• Different styles within those categories
• Ruby
• Tawny
• Aged tawny
• Vintage port
• LBV
• White