The 18th Century

1
The 18th Century

• By Alex Hughes
• Colin Buttone
• Tyler David
• Taylor Pratt

2
Dates

• 1800 Sir Humphry announces his invention for the
  anesthetic properties of nitrous oxide.
• 1816 René Laennec invents the stethoscope
• James Blundell performs the first blood
  transfusion
• 1846 first painless surgery with anesthetic
• 1879 first vaccine for cholera
• 1881 Louis Pasteur develops a vaccine for anthrax
• 1882 Louis Pasteur develops a vaccine for rabies
• 1897 aspirin is invented

3
Politics

• During the 18th century, the Enlightenment
  culminated in the French and American
  revolutions.
• Philosophy and science increased in prominence.

4
Religion

• Buddhism
• Christianianity
• Lutheran
• Islam
• Judaism
• Jainism
• Protestanism
• Anglicanism

5
Economics

• For economics they had Mercantilism is a trade
  and monetary system in which the government
  controls every aspect in trade.
• This increased the intake of money and maintained
  a favorable balance of trade with the rest of the
  world.

6
Sir Humphry Davy

• Born in December 17, 1778
• Died in May 29, 1829
• The Medical Pneumatic Institution of Bristol was
  devoted to the study of the medical value of
  various gases, and it was here that Davy first
  made his reputation. He studied the oxides of
  nitrogen and discovered the physiological effects
  of nitrous oxide, which became known as laughing
  gas. He breathed 16 quarts of the gas in seven
  minutes and became completely intoxicated with
  it.
• He invented nitrous oxide. (laughing gas)

7
Rene Laennec

• Born February 17th, 1781
• Died on August 13th, 1826
• He invented the stethoscope because he couldnt
  feel a patients heartbeat because his patient was
  obese.
• He is a French physician who invented the
  stethoscope in 1816.

8
James Blundell

• Born January 19th, 1791
• Died on January 15th, 1878
• In 1818, Blundell determined that a blood
  transfusion would be appropriate for the
  hemorrhage operation. Since he had seen many of
  his patients die from childbirth, he had to think
  of a remedy. The work of John Leacock, who said
  the transfer of blood from one to another could
  be harmful. He did a series of experiments using
  animals, and observed that as long as the blood
  was transfused quickly, a transfusion would be
  successful with a syringe even after it is in the
  container. He too, discovered the importance to
  let all the air out of the syringe before the
  transfusion.
• He was an English obstetrician who performed the
  first blood transfusion on a guy who had a
  hemorrhage.

9
Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch

• Louis Pasteur was born on December 27th, 1822
  ,and died September 28th,1895
• Robert Koch was born in December 11th 1843. Then,
  died May 27th, 1910
• Pasteurs work was revolutionary in suggesting
  the link between germs and disease. This led the
  way for Robert Koch to later prove this theory
  and also discover how each type of germ caused a
  specific disease. Koch established the methods
  that scientists need to satisfy before a
  particular bacteria can be accepted as causing a
  specific disease, these are known as Kochs
  postulates.

10
Ronald Ross

• Born in India in May 13, 1857
• Died September 16th, 1932 in London
• Ross collected and identified various kinds of
  mosquitoes, dissected their insides and in August
  1897 found his quarry in Anopheles mosquito that
  had just fed on a malaria patient. He discovered
  malaria cysts containing sporozoites in the
  stomach wall of anopheline mosquitoes that fed on
  a malaria patient. By July 1898, malaria
  transmission through the mosquito was
  established.
• He was a British physician who discovered the
  links between mosquitoes and Malaria

11
Felix Hoffman

• Born January 21st, 1868 in Germany
• He died February 8th, 1916 in Switzerland
• He made some of the formula and gave it to is
  father who was suffering from the pain of
  arthritis. With good results, he then convinced
  Bayer to market the new drug. The people at Bayer
  came up with the name Aspirin, it comes from the
  A in acetyl chloride, the spir in spiraea
  ulmaria (the plant they derived the salicylic
  acid from) and the in was a familiar name
  ending for medicines.
• He was a German Chemist credited for the first
  medically useful forms of Aspirin and Heroin