Abbreviations: AC = Acetylcholine; NE = Norepinephrine

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AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
SYMPATHETIC DIVISION PARASYMPATHETIC DIVISION
DISTRIBUTION From thoracic lumbar nerve roots DISTRIBUTION From cranial sacral nerve roots
STRUCTURE Presynaptic neuron short, secretes AC Synapse in chain ganglion (or adrenal medulla) Postsynaptic neuron long, secretes NE (exception short in adrenal medulla, secretes mostly epinephrine) STRUCTURE Presynaptic neuron very long, secretes AC Synapse on or close to target organ (e.g., celiac ganglion) Postsynaptic neuron short, secretes AC
FIGHT OR FLIGHT RESPONSE Increased blood flow (except to viscera) Increased heart rate, breathing, sweating contraction of arrector pili muscles Lowered stimulatory thresholds (quicker and more certain response, more alert) Inhibition of digestion peristalsis Decreased prothrombin time (quicker clotting) REST AND RUMINATE RESPONSE Decreased blood flow (but increased to viscera) Slower, more relaxed heart rate, breathing arrector pili muscles inhibited Raised stimulatory thresholds (less likely to respond, response slower, less alert) Stimulates digestion, peristalsis, sexual activity Increased prothrombin time (slower clotting)
Abbreviations AC Acetylcholine NE
Norepinephrine
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