Friday, March 20

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Friday, March 20

• Bellwork
• Turn in Need to Know China 1
• Classwork
• 11.2 The Roman Republic and the American
  government
• 11.2 OneSheet
• Foldable
• Homework
• None

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Rome as a Republic

• Chapter 11.2

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Tennessee Social Studies

• 6.59 On a historical map, identify ancient Rome
  and trace the extent of the Roman Empire to 500
  AD
• 6.62 Describe the government of the Roman
  Republic and its contribution to the development
  of democratic principles, including but not
  limited to rule of law

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11. 2 Vocab

• Discuss the following phrases. If you do not
  know them, make predictions.

1. Government of the Republic
2. Conflict between the Classes
3. Cincinnatus
4. Romes System of Law
5. First, Second, and Third Punic Wars
6. Hannibal

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Roman Social Classes
Patricians Plebeians
Ruling class Wealthy landowners Farmers, artisans, and merchants Often lacked rights Could not hold public office
Both were citizens, could vote, had to pay taxes
and serve in the army Could not intermarry.
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Government of the Republic

• A. Roman Republic was organized into 3 branches
• 1. Made laws
• 2. Ran daily affairs of government
• 3. Judges
• B. Checks and balances prevented one branch
  from becoming too strong (no separation of powers
  like the US has today though)

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• 2 Patrician Consuls
• 1 - headed the government
• 2- served as army leaders
• 3- Consul could serve 1 year
• 4- Could veto each other
• D. Praetors
• 1- interpreted the law
• 2- served as judges
• 3- led army

Veto Latin for I forbid.
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• E. Senate was the legislature
• Group of 300 men
• Served for life
• Advised the consuls
• F. Assembly of Centuries elected consuls and
  praetors

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Sum it up
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Conflict Between Classes

• Plebeians became frustrated because they no power
  in government.
• 494 BC plebs went on strike, refused to fight in
  army, and left Rome
• Patricians knew they could not survive without
  the plebs.
• Let the plebs have representation The Council
  of the Plebs
• Plebs elected officials called tribunes

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More power for the Plebs

• Tribunes could veto
• Plebs were allowed to become consuls
• Plebs could even marry patricians
• 287 BC Council of Plebs could pass laws

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Sum it up
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Cincinnatus and Civic Duty

• Romans created the office of dictator
• The dictator would rule during crisis and then
  regular power would resume
• Cincinnatus had been a consul.
• 458 BC the Senate appointed him as dictator to
  handle the threat of an enemy army.
• For 2 weeks Cincinnatus led the army, defeated
  the enemy, and then went back to farming.

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Civic Duty

• Civic duty idea that citizens have a
  responsibility to help their country.
• George Washington was inspired by Cincinnatus.

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Sum it up
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Romes System of Law

• Romes laws were not written down in the
  beginning
• Plebeians wanted the laws written down for all to
  see.
• 451 BC - Twelve Tables
• Carved on bronze tablets and placed in the Forum
  Romes marketplace
• The Foundation for Roman Laws all free citizens
  (patricians and plebeians) had the right to be
  treated equally

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Law of Nations

• As the Romans conquered more people, laws
  expanded
• Laws apply to noncitizens
• Laws and rights to all conquered people

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Roman Justice

• Roman law influenced many other civilizations
  including the United States
• Assume a person is innocent until proven guilty
• Rule of law everyone treated the same, guiding
  principle of our legal system too

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Sum it up
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The Punic Wars

• Carthage, located along the north African coast,
  became powerful through trade.
• Originally been a Phoenician trading colony
• Became Romes bitter enemy
• 264 BC a series of war between the two began that
  would last over a century

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First Punic War

• Carthage had colonies on the island of Sicily.
  Rome decided it wanted the island for itself.
• Carthage had a strong navy.
• Rome quickly built a navy of its own.
• - improved the ships by adding moveable
  bridge allowing them to board Carthages ships
• After more than 2 decades of fighting, Rome
  defeated Carthage and took control of Sicily

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Second Punic War

• Carthage needed more land and resources after
  losing Sicily to Rome.
• Carthage decided to take over Spain.
• Rome encouraged Spain to fight back.
• In response, Carthage sent Hannibal to attack
  Rome in 218 BC.
• Hannibal had a large army of 46,000 men and 37
  elephants.
• Carthage used the elephants to cross the Alps.
• Bitter cold and mountain tribes killed most of
  the men and elephants.
• 216 BC Hannibal was able to defeat the Romans at
  the Battle of Cannae.

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Second and Third Punic War

• Rome continued to fight back.
• 206 BC the Roman general Scipio took Spain and
  attacked the city of Carthage.
• Hannibal was forced to return home to protect his
  people.
• 202 BC, Rome once again is victorious at the
  Battle of Zama.
• Carthage had to pay a huge fine and give up its
  navy.
• Carthage remained a threat, so finally in 146 BC
  Rome destroyed it.

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Sum it up
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• Compare and Contrast Roman Republic and American
  Government Foldable
• Similarities between the Roman Republic and U.S.
  government- both feature executive and
  legislative branches- both systems have checks
  and balances embedded- the head executives can
  be removed from power by legislators- the head
  executives have military responsibilities- both
  lead executives have veto power- the executives
  are charged with enforcing the laws- the
  legislative bodies make laws and control the
  budgets- written law codes exist in both
  societies (Rome Twelve Tables/ U.S. Bill of
  Rights)- political divisions exist in both (Rome
  patricians vs. plebeians / U.S. citizens of a
  more liberal persuasion vs. citizens of a more
  conservative persuasion)- wealthy people are
  more likely to get elected- both place the
  authority of the state above that of the
  individualDifferences between the Roman
  Republic and U.S. government
• Roman system did not have a separate judicial
  branch- Roman consuls (2 people) served 1-year
  terms / U.S. presidents (1 person) serve 4-year
  terms- Rome had a provision for a dictator to
  take over / the U.S. does not- Roman consuls had
  religious duties / the U.S. president does not-
  Romans continued to own slaves / Americans do
  not- Roman senators served for life / American
  senators have 6-year terms- Roman women were not
  allowed to participate in politics / American
  women are allowed- Rome had rigid social classes
  / the U.S. has more flexible social classes

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Read pp. 312 319Complete your 11.2 OneSheet
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11. 2 Vocab

• Write in detail about the following phrases.
• Use the whole time do not turn it in early!

1. Government of the Republic
2. Conflict between the Classes
3. Cincinnatus
4. Romes System of Law
5. First, Second, and Third Punic Wars
6. Hannibal