Today

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Todays Agenda

• Any Announcements?
• Any Questions?
• Let's Review our Bellwork....
• Now...
• Lets Begin Todays Lesson..

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Today's State Standards

• Standard 4.0 Governance and Civics
• 4.6 understand the concept of federalism.
• Standard 5.0 History
• 5.4 understand the United States Constitution as
  a "living document" in both principle and
  practice.

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Our objectives today

• 1. Outline the important elements of the
  Constitution.
• 2. List the six basic principles of the
  Constitution.
• 3. Identify the four different ways by which the
  Constitution may be formally changed.
• 4. Outline the 27 amendments that have been added
  to the Constitution.
• 5. Define Federalism and explain why the Framers
  chose this system of government.
• 6. Identify powers delegated to and denied the
  National Government, and the powers reserved and
  denied to the States.
• 7. Understand that the National Government holds
  exclusive powers, it also holds concurrent powers
  with the states.

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Our Goal Today

• The Constitution is a brief, straightforward
  document that has guided American government for
  over 200 years. Its authors wrote the
  Constitution based on the principles that
  political power resides with the people, and that
  the National Government should be limited and
  divided into three branches to limit the power of
  any of of those three branches.

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Objective 1 - Outline the important elements of
the Constitution.

• Preamble States the Purpose of the Constitution
• Article I Legislative Branch
• Article II Executive Branch
• Article III Judicial Branch
• Article IV Relations among the States
• Article V Amending the Constitution
• Article VI National debts, supremacy of
  national law, and the oaths of office
• Article VII Ratifying the Constitution

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Objective 2 - List the six basic principles of
the Constitution

• 1) Popular Sovereignty - We, the People of the
  United States.... - draw the nation's power FROM
  the people.
• 2) Limited Government Government MUST obey the
  law Constitutionalism
• 3) Separation of Powers Legislative, Executive
  and Judicial Branches
• 4) Checks and Balances Each branch has
  oversight over the other two and each branch may
  be overseen by the other two.
• 5) Judicial Review Is it Constitutional or
  Unconstitutional?
• 6) Federalism Division of power between a
  central government and several regional
  governments.

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Objective 3 - Identify the four different ways
by which the Constitution may be formally changed.
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Objective 4 - Outline the 27 amendments that
have been added to the Constitution.
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27th Amendment

• The Twenty-seventh Amendment to the U.S.
  Constitution reads
• No law, varying the compensation for the
  services of Senators and Representatives, shall
  take effect, until an election of Representatives
  shall have intervened.

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It Took A While to Pass!

• The long history of the Twenty-seventh Amendment
  is curious and unprecedented. The amendment was
  first drafted by James Madison in 1789 and
  proposed by the First Congress in 1789 as part of
  the original Bill of Rights. The proposed
  amendment did not fare well, as only six states
  ratified it during the period in which the first
  ten amendments were ratified by the requisite
  three-fourths of the states. The amendment was
  largely neglected for the next two centuries
  Ohio was the only state to approve the amendment
  in that period, ratifying it in 1873.

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One Man Can Make A Difference!

• In 1982 Gregory Watson, a twenty-year-old student
  at the University of Texas, wrote a term paper
  arguing for ratification of the amendment. Watson
  received a 'C' grade for the paper and then
  embarked on a one-man campaign for the
  amendment's ratification. From his home in
  Austin, Texas, Watson wrote letters to state
  legislators across the country on an electric
  typewriter.

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It Finally Passed!

• During the 1980s, as state legislatures passed
  pay raises, public debate over the raises reached
  a fever pitch and state legislatures began to
  pass the measure, mostly as a symbolic gesture to
  appease voters. Few observers believed that the
  amendment would ever be ratified by the required
  thirty-eight states, but the tally of ratifying
  states began to mount. On May 7, 1992, Michigan
  became the thirty-eighth state to ratify the
  amendment, causing it to become part of the U.S.
  Constitution.

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Objectives 5, 6 and 7

• 5. Define Federalism and explain why the Framers
  chose this system of government.
• 6. Identify powers delegated to and denied the
  National Government, and the powers reserved and
  denied to the States.
• 7. Understand that the National Government holds
  exclusive powers, it also holds concurrent powers
  with the states.

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Federalism Democracy "The federal and State
governments are in fact but different agents and
trustees of the people, constituted with
different powers, and designed for different
purposes." James Madison The Federalist, No.46
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What is Federalism?

• Defining federalism
• Federalism is a system of shared power between
  two or more governments with authority over the
  same people and geographical area.

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Federalism Terms

• Enumerated Powers - these are powers that belong
  to the national government and are set out in
  Article I, section 8 of the Constitution (such as
  coining money and conducting foreign relations)
• Necessary and proper clause - this gives Congress
  the power to create legislation that is necessary
  and proper for it to carry out its enumerated
  powers

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More Terms

• Full Faith and Credit Clause Judicial Decree
  all contracts made in one state are binding in
  all others.
• Dual Federalism - The belief that having separate
  but equal powerful levels of government. "Layer
  Cake"

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We Didn't Want to be England

• Unitary System - A form of government where all
  local and/or regional governments draw all of
  their authorities from a centered and strong
  national government, Great Britain was a unitary
  government, and the newly free Americans wanted
  to move away from this system.

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Who is more powerful?

• Supremacy clause - National law is supreme to all
  other laws passed by the state.
• Concurrent powers - these are the powers of
  government that are overlapped and shared by the
  national and state governments. For instance,
  both states and the federal government have the
  power to tax.

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10th Amendment of the Bill of Rights

• Tenth amendment - "Powers not delegated to the
  U.S Government by the Constitution nor prohibited
  by it to the states, Are reserved to the states
  respectively, or to the people."

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Levels of Government
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Some laws that the Federal Government Force on
the States

• Federal Highway Funds tied to
• Speed Limit. DUI Level. Drinking Age. Seat Belt
  Laws. HOV Lanes. Future Distracted Driver Laws.
  
• Federal Education Funds tied to
• NCLB. Common Core. Race to the Top.

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Question Time -)

• List two examples of checks and balances in our
  Federal Governments
• Describe three freedoms protected by the Bill of
  Rights
• Identify an issue you feel is better handled at
  the local level. Why?
• Identify and issue you feel is better handled at
  the national level. Why?

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Today's State Standards

• Standard 4.0 Governance and Civics
• 4.6 understand the concept of federalism.
• Standard 5.0 History
• 5.4 understand the United States Constitution as
  a "living document" in both principle and
  practice.

31
Our objectives today

• 1. Outline the important elements of the
  Constitution.
• 2. List the six basic principles of the
  Constitution
• 3. Identify the four different ways by which the
  Constitution may be formally changed.
• 4. Outline the 27 amendments that have been added
  to the Constitution.
• 5. Define Federalism and explain why the Framers
  chose this system of government.
• 6. Identify powers delegated to and denied the
  National Government, and the powers reserved and
  denired to the States.
• 7. Understand that the National Government holds
  exclusive powers, it also holds concurrent powers
  with the states.

32
Our Goal Today

• The Constitution is a brief, straightforward
  document that has guided American government for
  over 200 years. Its authors wrote the
  Constitution based on the principles that
  political power resides with the people, and that
  the National Government should be limited and
  divided into three branches to limit the power of
  any of of those three branches.