Chemistry Review Guide

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Chemistry Review Guide
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ATOMS

• Basic unit of matter
• Construct
• H atom
• C atom
• O atom

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Chemical Reactions

• What is a chemical reaction?
• Reaction which results in a new substance with
  different physical chemical properties

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Chemical Reactions
C6H12O6 6O2? CO2 H2O
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• What are reactants?
• Its what you start with in a rxn
• What are products?
• Its what you end up with in a rxn

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Chemical Reactions

• What is an exergonic reaction?
• Heat is released (feels hot)
• What is an endergonic reaction?
• Heat is absorbed (feels cold)

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pH, Acids, Bases, Neutralization

• What is the pH scale?
• Scale that relates H ions in solution
• What is an acid?
• Forms H ions (0 to 6.9)
• Ex. HCl

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pH, Acids, Bases, Neutralization

• What is a base?
• Forms OH- ions (7.1 to 14)
• Ex. NaOH
• What is neutralization?
• pH 7

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Bonding

• What is an IONIC bond?
• Transfer of electrons

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Bonding

• What is an ION?
• Charged particle has lost or gained electrons
• What is a COVALENT bond?
• Share electrons occurs in living organisms is
  very strong!

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Bonding

• Construct 1 Li and F atoms
• Illustrate ionic bonds using Li and F atoms
• Construct 1 C and 4 H atoms
• Illustrate covalent bonds using 1 C and 4 H atoms

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Bonding

• What is a hydrogen bond?
• Weak bond attraction between and
• What is a polar molecule?
• poles unequally charged areas (, -)

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Bonding

• Why is water a polar molecule?
• Slight negative charge from the oxygen slight
  positive charge from the 2 hydrogens

Mickey Mouse!
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Bonding

• Why do molecules of water form hydrogen bonds?
• Because water is polar, therefore it forms a
  polar molecule there is an attraction between
  the positive and negative ends of the water
  molecules

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Bonding

• Construct 4 water molecules
• Use and - signs to show polarity of parts
  of the water molecules
• Draw in the hydrogen bonds between the molecules
  using a dashed line

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Properties of Water

• What is cohesion?
• Water is attracted to other water molecules
• What is adhesion?
• Water is attracted to other substances (ex. Glass)

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Properties of Water

• What is surface tension?
• Barrier that is produced from cohesion of water
  molecules
• Ex. Water strider walking on water

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Properties of Water

• What is the evaporative cooling property of
  water?
• Water removes heat from the environment (ex.
  Sweating)

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Properties of Water

• Why does ice float and why is it important in
  biology?
• Ice is less dense than water all life on Earth
  would be killed if it sank!!

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Properties of Water

• Place a capillary tube in colored water.
• Put a drop of water on a slide. Put another slide
  on top. Let go of the bottom slide.
• Try to float paper clips on water.
• Drop water on penny. See how many drops you can
  get.