Africa

1
Africa Its Not A Country
Physical Geography of Africa
2
Size and Climate

• Second Largest continent in the world
• 800 million people
• 15 of it is considered desert
• 10 of it is considered tropical rainforest
• 35 of it is considered savanna/grasslands
• Climates consist of Mediterranean, mountain,
  tropical wet and dry, rainy and mild, wet and mild

3
Population and Diversity

• 800 Ethnic Groups (this includes Asians,
  Europeans, and Arabs)
• 100 languages are spoken in Africa (40 of which
  have more than one million speakers)
• Over 40 of Africans practice a wide variety of
  traditional religions. (Christianity, Islam, and
  Hinduism are practiced in Africa)

4
Agricultural Diversity

• Following crops are the main ones grown in
  different regions of Africa Rice, wheat, maize,
  root crops(yams, sweet potatoes), oil palm, tea,
  cocoa, coffee, wine, sugar, tobacco, cotton,
  sisal (fiber for making rope or twine)

5
Facts and Figures

• Largest country Algeria
• Smallest country Seychelles
• Largest city Cairo (9.2 million)
• Highest point Mt. Kilimanjaro (19,340ft)
• Largest lake Lake Victoria (second largest in
  the world)
• Deepest lake Lake Tanganyika (second deepest
  freshwater lake in the world after Lake Baikal)

6
Health

• Malaria 90 of all malaria cases are in
  sub-Saharan Africa
• 3,000 children under the age of five die each day
  from malaria in Africa
• 1-5 of GDP in Africa covers costs of malaria
  control and lost labor days
• 17 million people in sub-Saharan Africa have died
  of AIDS
• 25 million people in Africa are HIV-positive
• 12 million children have lost their parents to
  AIDS

7
Facts and Figures

• Nile River longest river in the world (4,132
  miles) and Africa. Originates at Lake Victoria
• Great Rift Valley 3,000 miles from Syria to
  Mozambique two branches the Eastern Rift and
  the Western Rift

8
(No Transcript)
9
Physical Geography of Africa
10
Location

• Which hemisphere is Africa located?
• What major bodies of water surround the continent
  of Africa?

11
Africa is the only continent in the world that is
located in all four hemispheres!
12
Mediterranean Sea
Atlantic Ocean
Red Sea
Indian Ocean
13
Quiz time .
Which country is the only country to border both
the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean?
Morocco
Which country is the only country to border both
the Indian Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean?
South Africa
14
Cape of Good Hope
Cape Agulhas
15
Cape Agulhas southernmost point of African
continent and dividing line between the Atlantic
and Indian Oceans
16
Place

• (What makes Africa different from other places?)
• What types of climate does Africa have?
• What types of physical features are there in
  Africa?

17
Mediterranean
Desert
Steppe
Desert
Rainforest
Savanna
Desert
Mediterranean
18
What are the major physical features of Africa?
19
Physical features of Africa
Atlas Mountains
Horn of Africa
Sahara Desert
Sahel
Great Rift Valley
Kalahari Desert
Namib Desert
20
Namib Desert
Stretching 1,200 miles in length, but averaging a
width of only 70 miles, the Namib Desert is home
to the highest sand dunes in the world. Nicknamed
the worlds oldest desert.
21
over 1000 feet high!!!
Dune 7, the highest sand dune in the world
22

• Dunes along the Namibian coast

23
Major rivers and lakes
Nile River
Niger River
Congo River
Lake Victoria
Lake Tanganyika
Lake Nyasa
Zambezi River
24
Lake Victoria
Lake Tanganyika
Lake Nyasa
The Great Lakes of Africa
25
Lake Tanganyika
Longest lake in the world
26
Lake Tanganyika As seen from space
27
Lake Tanganyika

• Second largest lake of Africa
• Longest lake of the world 481 miles
• Deepest lake on the African continent
• Second deepest in the world (Lake Baikal in
  Russia is the deepest) 4,800
• Oldest lake in Africa and perhaps in the world

28
Victoria Falls Located in Zimbabwe on the
Zambezi River
29
Victoria Falls is twice as wide and twice as deep
as Niagara Falls
Victoria Falls
Thus creating the largest curtain of water in the
world!
30
The Zambezi River flowing into Victoria Falls
31
Mountains of Africa Ethiopian Highlands Drakens
berg Mountains
32
Mt. Kilimanjaro
33
The snow-capped mountain is located in Tanzania
and is the highest point in Africa.
34
However, Kilimanjaro may not always be
snow-capped! The glaciers of Kilimanjaro are
melting at an alarming rate!
35
Why? Humans global warming, deforestation,
and honey!
Tribal people collecting honey smoke the bees out
of the hives, often starting fires. The loss of
foliage reduces moisture in the air, thus
reducing much needed cloud cover, thus letting in
more sunlight that melts more ice!
36
If the current rate of melting continues,
scientists predict that the glaciers that have
covered Kilimanjaro for over 12,000 years will be
totally gone by 2020 less than 15 years from
now!
37
Glaciers retreating on Kilimanjaro
38
Arabian tectonic plate
Great Rift Valley
African tectonic plate
39

• Vast geological feature that runs north to south
  for 6,000 miles
• From Syria in Southwest Asia to Mozambique in
  East Africa

40
As the tectonic plates continue to break apart,
the rift will become bigger and bigger until
finally breaking off from the rest of the
continent of Africa in about 20 billion years!
Thus, creating a whole new island continent!
41
A few other aspects to look at
enclave, exclave, and landlocked
42
Swaziland
Lesotho
What is an enclave? A country that is entirely
surrounded, or mostly surrounded, by another
country. Lesotho and Swaziland are examples.
43
So, what is an exclave?
Territory of a country that is separated from the
main part of the country by foreign territory.
Cabinda is an exclave of Angola.
44
Landlocked Shut in completely by land having
no direct access to the sea Rwanda and Uganda
are examples
45
Miscellaneous

• The worlds largest diamond was the Cullinan,
  found in South Africa in 1905. It weighed
  3,106.75 carats uncut.
• With a population of more than 113 million,
  Nigeria is the most populated country in Africa
  and the 10th most populated in the world.
• An African elephant possesses such manual
  dexterity in his-her trunk that he/she can
  actually turn the pages of a book with it.

46
Miscellaneous

• An elephant can weight up to 6 7 tons and has
  no natural enemies
• An elephant can drink up to 160 liters of water
  per day and a mature elephant can carry up to 6.8
  liters of water in its trunk

47
Miscellaneous

• South Africa has a penguin colony
• The largest seal colony in the southern
  hemisphere is at Cape Cross in Namibia
• The worlds biggest frog is found in Cameroon
  the Goliath Frog body can be as long as a
  foot
• The Nile crocodile is Africas largest living
  reptile
• The African elephant is the largest living land
  mammal

48
Miscellaneous

• Did you know that the tongue of a giraffe can be
  as long as 45 centimeters?
• The tallest animal on earth is the giraffe
• The Gorilla is the largest of the living primates
• The cheetah is the fastest land animal (70 mph)
• The worlds largest and heaviest beetle, the
  Goliath Beetle, is found in tropical Africa. It
  can reach a length of 5 inches and weigh up to ¼
  lb

49
Words and places to know

• Egypt
• Morocco
• Libya
• Tunisia
• Senegal
• Mali
• Chad
• Mauritania
• Western Sahara
• Algeria
• Niger River
• Nile River
• Red Sea
• Sahara Desert
• Atlas Mountains
• Ahaggar Mountains
• Lake Nasser
• Suez Canal
• Straits of Gilbraltar