Characteristics of Living Things and Classification

1
Characteristics of Living Things and
Classification

• What makes something living?
• How do we organize living things?

2
Organization of Living Things
MULTICELLULAR ORGANISMS
UNICELLULAR ORGANISMS
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4 Characteristics of ALL Living Things

• Living things are made of CELLS that contain DNA
• Living things have a METABOLISM to help them use
  energy to live, grow, and develop
• Living things maintain HOMEOSTASIS
• A stable internal environment
• Living things REPRODUCE

4
Similarities and Differences Among Living Things

• Living things go about the 4 characteristics in
  similar AND different ways
• 8 Life processes that are similar and different
  among living things
• Obtaining nutrients
• Transport of materials throughout organism
• Breaking down nutrients to get energy (cellular
  respiration)
• Combining simple substances to make more complex
  substances (synthesis)
• Growth
• Removal of waste products (Excretion)
• Responding to internal and external stimuli
  (Sensitivity)
• Reproducing

5
Helping Vocabulary

• Number of cells
• Multicellular
• Made of many cells
• Unicellular
• Made of one cell
• Nucleus- Yes or No?
• Eukaryote
• Cells contain a nucleus
• Prokaryote
• Cells lack a nucleus
• Mode of nutrition
• Heterotroph
• Need to obtain food
• Autotroph
• Can make own food

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Just to get you thinking!

• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vwF1lA161eJ0feature
  related

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The 6 Kingdoms

• Similarities and Differences in life processes
  has grouped orgs into 6 different kingdoms
• Animalia
• Fungi
• Plantae
• Protista
• Monera
• (now Archebacteria and Eubacteria)

MULTICELLULAR
EUKARYOTIC
UNICELLULAR
PROKARYOTIC
8
Obtaining Nutrients

• Heterotroph
• Gets nutrients from the environment
• Kingdoms
• Animalia, Fungi, Some Protista and Monera
• Autotroph
• Makes own food
• Kingdoms
• Plantae and some Protists (photosynthesis), some
  Bacteria (chemosynthesis)

9
Transport of materials

• Unicellular Orgs
• Transport within cytoplasm
• Kingdoms
• Protista, Monera
• Multicellular Orgs
• Transport within liquids and tubes
• Kingdoms
• Animalia, Plantae, Fungi

10
Reproduction

• Asexual
• One parent
• Offspring genetically identical (clones)
• Kingdoms
• Some Fungi, Protista, Monera
• Sexual
• Two parents
• Offspring genetically different from parents
• Kingdoms
• Some Fungi, Plantae, Animalia

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Classification of Living Things

• Why classify organisms?
• For easy identification
• For evolutionary comparison of organisms
• Organisms are grouped into large categories based
  on similarities
• Once in a group, organisms are separated based on
  differences

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Classification of Living Things

• 5 Kingdoms
• Phyla (s. Phylum)
• Class
• Order
• Family
• Genus
• species

DIVIDED INTO
DIVIDED INTO
DIVIDED INTO
OF ORGANISMS DECREASES
DIFFERENCES AMONG ORGS INCREASES
DIVIDED INTO
DIVIDED INTO
DIVIDED INTO
13
Acronym to help remember!

• King
• Phillip
• Came
• Over
• For
• Good
• Spaghetti

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Classification of Humans

• KINGDOM Animalia
• PHYLUM Chordata
• Has backbone
• CLASS Mammalia
• Females have mammary glands
• ORDER Primates
• Larger brain size
• FAMILY Hominidae
• GENUS Homo
• SPECIES sapiens

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Scientific Naming

• Scientific name Genus species
• species is not capitalized
• Always italicized or underlined
• Ex. Homo sapiens or Homo sapiens
• Abbreviation
• First letter of Genus, followed by species
• Ex. H. sapiens