Title: ???????? (??) Protein Biosynthesis,Translation
1????????(??)Protein Biosynthesis,Translation
? ? ? ?
2- ????????,???,??????? 4 ?????????????,?????????????
?????????20????????? ?
3???????Protein Biosynthesis System
? ? ?
4??????????????
- ??RNA
- mRNA(messenger RNA, ??RNA)
- rRNA(ribosomal RNA, ????RNA)
- tRNA(transfer RNA, ??RNA)
- 20????(AA)????
- ????????,?IF?eIF
- ATP?GTP?????
5??????mRNA?????
- ????????????????????(cistron)?
- ?????????????????????,?????mRNA?????????????,?????
(polycistron) ? - ??mRNA????????,?????(single cistron) ?
6?????????
?????????
? ?
7mRNA????5??3???,?AUG??,?3???????,?????????????????
????????,???????(triplet coden)?
????(initiation coden) AUG
????(termination coden)
UAA,UAG,UGA
8?????
? ?
9- ?mRNA 5???????AUG?3???????????????,???????????????
??????,????????(open reading frame, ORF)?
101. ???(commaless)
??????????????????????,????????????
11- ??????mRNA???????????????,????????(frameshift
mutation)?
122. ???(degeneracy)
?????,?????????????????,??????2?3?4????6?????????
? ?
132. ???(degeneracy)
? ?
143. ???(universal)
- ????????????,????????????
- ???????,???????????????????
- ???????????????????????
154. ???(wobble)
??????tRNA?????????????mRNA????????????,??????????
????????????,???????
16????
U
? ?
17???????????????
tRNA???? ?1??? I U G A C
mRNA??? ?3??? U, C, A A, G U, C U G
18???????????????
? ?
19 ???????????
???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????
???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???
S 70S 30S 50S 80S 40S 60S
rRNA 16S-rRNA 5S-rRNA 23S-rRNA 18S-rRNA 28S-rRNA 5S-rRNA 5.8S-rRNA
??? rpS 21? rpL 36? rpS 33? rpL 49?
20???????
? ?
21?????????????????
P???? (peptidyl site)
A????? (aminoacyl site)
E???? (exit site)
? ?
22??tRNA???????
????
????
23tRNA????????
24(?)???-tRNA??? (aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase)
25?????
??? ATP-E ? ???-AMP-E AMP PPi
? ?
26?????
???-AMP-E tRNA ? ???-tRNA AMP E
? ?
27 tRNA???????
tRNA
ATP
???-tRNA???
28- ???-tRNA??????????tRNA????????
- ???-tRNA?????????(proofreading activity) ?
- ???-tRNA?????
- Ala-tRNAAla
- Ser-tRNASer
- Met-tRNAMet
29(?)??????????-tRNA
- ???? Met-tRNAiMet
- ???? fMet-tRNAifMet
30????????? The Process of Protein Biosynthesis
? ? ?
31??????????5-AUG??,?mRNA??????????????,?????????
?????????
- ?????(initiation)
- ?????(elongation)
- ?????(termination )
32????????
- ?mRNA??????-tRNA???????????????????
(translational initiation complex)?
33?12-4 ??????????????????
34(?)?????????????
- ??????????
- mRNA????????
- ?????-tRNA???
- ??????????
351. ??????????
IF-1
IF-3
? ?
362. mRNA????????
IF-1
IF-3
? ?
37S-D??
383. ?????tRNA( fMet-tRNAimet )??????
IF-1
IF-3
? ?
394. ?????????,???????
IF-2
GTP
Pi
GDP
IF-1
IF-3
? ?
40IF-2
Pi
-GTP
GDP
IF-3
IF-1
? ?
41(?)?????????????
- ??????????
- ?????-tRNA??
- mRNA??????????
- ??????????
42???????????????
43????????
- ???mRNA???????,????????N??C?????,??????????
- ??????????????????,?????????(ribosomal
cycle),???????????,?????? - ??(entrance)
- ??(peptide bond formation)
- ??(translocation)
44- ????????????????(elongation factor, EF)
- ????EF-T (EF-Tu, EF-Ts)
- EF-G
- ????EF-1 ?EF-2
45?????????
?????? ???? ????????
EF-Tu ?????-tRNA??A?,????GTP EF-1-a
EF-Ts ???? EF-1-ß?
EFG ??????,??mRNA-??-tRNA?A????P?,????tRNA?? EF-2
46????(registration)
(?)??
???mRNA?????????,??????-tRNA??????A??
? ?
47????EF-T????(????)
? ?
48(No Transcript)
49GTP
Tu
Ts
Ts
GDP
Tu
GTP
? ?
50(?)??
?????(transpeptidase)??????????
51(?)??
- ????EF-G????( translocase )??,??????1??GTP,???????
mRNA?3'??? ?
52fMet
fMet
? ?
53(No Transcript)
54(?)????????
????????????????????,??????????????? ??,??????????
E?,??????tRNA???P????
55 ?????????
?mRNA????????,???????,?????-tRNA???,mRNA????????,?
????????????
56??????????????? (release factor, RF)
????????RF-1,RF-2,RF-3 ????????eRF
???????
????????,?RF-1????UAA?UAG?RF-2???UAA?UGA? ???????
???????,??????????????-OH?,????????????
57??????????
58RF
? ?
59??????(polysome)
??????????????
? ?
60????????????
? ?
61???????????Posttranslational Processing
Protein Transportation
? ? ?
62????
- ????????????????????????,?????????????????????????
?????
- ?????????????
- ?????????
- ??????
63??????????????????
- ???????????????????,????N??????????,??????????????
????????????,?????????????????????????? - ????,?????????????????????,??????????????
- ????????????????????,????????????
64???????????????
- 1. ???? (molecular chaperon)
- 2. ???????? (protein disulfide isomerase, PDI)
- 3. ?-???????? (peptide prolyl cis-trans
isomerase, PPI)
65??????????????,???????????,??????????????????
1. ?????(heat shock protein, HSP)
HSP70?HSP40?GreE? 2. ???(chaperonins)
GroEL?GroES??
66????????????????? ???????????,?????????????HSP70
????????????????
67???????? ????????????????????????????
???GroEL/GroES???????????
68??????????????????????????????????????,???????????
????
???????????????,????????????????????????????,?????
???????????????
69??????-?????????????????,?????????
??-??????????????????????????
??-??????????????????????,?????????????,??????????
?????????
70?????????
- (?)??N????
- (?)????????
- (?)????????
71????????(POMC)?????
72?????????
- (?)????
- (?)????
- (?)?????????
73?????????????
????????(protein targeting)
- ??????????????,???????????????????,???????????????
74 ????(signal sequence)
- ???????????????????,???N?????????,????????????????
?,?????????? ?
75??????????????
?????? ???????
???? ???
?????? ???,C?-Lys-Asp-Glu-Leu-COO-(KDEL??)
????? N?????(2035?????)
??? ?????(-Pro-Pro-Lys-Lys-Lys-Arg-Lys-Val-,SV40 T??)
?????? -Ser-Lys-Leu-(PST??)
????? Man-6-P(???-6-??)
76(?)?????????
?????????????????????????????
?????????N???????????????
77????????
78????????????????
? ?
79(?)??????????
? ?
80(?)??????????
? ?
81?????????????Interference Inhibition of
Protein Biosynthesis
? ? ?
82- ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
???,????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????,?????????????????????????
83- ???(antibiotics)
- ??????????????????????
- ?????
- ??????????,?????????????,?6-MP?
84??????
???????????????
??? ??? ???? ??
????(??? ???????) ???????????? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ????????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ?????-tRNA?????? ??????????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?EFG-GTP??,?????? ?????????? ???-tRNA???,???????????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ????
85 ?????????
86????
? ?
87????????????????
- ??(toxin)
- ???(interferon)
88????(diphtheria toxin)?????
????
89????????
1. ?????eIF2??????
902. ???????RNA??