Skeletal System

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Skeletal System

• Functions
• 1) Supports body
• 2) Protects internal organs
• 3) Provides for movement
• 4) Stores mineral reserves
• 5) Provides a site for blood cell formation

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Skeletal System

• Has 206 bones
• Divided into two sections
• 1) Axial skull, vertebral column, ribs, and
• sternum
• 2) Appendicular all other bones

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Structure of Bones

• Bones are living tissue!!
• Periosteum tough layer of connective tissue
  surrounding bone
• Compact bone beneath the periosteum (dense but
  not solid)
• Haversian canals tubes that run through compact
  bone and contain blood vessels and nerves

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Structure of Bones

• Spongy bone inside outer layer of compact bone
• Osteocytes digest away old bone
• Osteoclasts maintain healthy bone
• Osteoblasts make new bone

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3-D Section of Bone Tissue
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Bone Homeostasis

• 1.Most of our skeleton is constantly being broken
  down, and built back up
• 2.Amount of bone built up amount of bone broken
  down
• 3.This balance of breakdown and buildup is called
  bone homeostasis

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• Bone marrow soft tissue center of bone
• Maintains the balance of minerals
• Serves as a storage for minerals (Ca, P)
• Two Types
• 1) Yellow made mostly of fats, aids in Red
  Blood Cell (RBC) production
• 2) Red produces RBCs, white BC, and cells to
  help clotting

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Skeletal Development

• The skeleton of the embryo is made of cartilage
• Bone begins to replace cartilage by 9th week of
  development (known as ossification)

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Joints

• Joints where two or more bones meet
• Most allow movement
• Some are fixed (no movement) skull

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Pelvis, Sexual Dimorphism
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Types of Joints

• Five types
• Ball and socket allows rotational movements
  (shoulder, hip)
• Ball and Socket Movement

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Types of Joints, Contd

• 2) Pivot bones twist against each other (atlas
  and axis of your vertebrae)
• Pivot Joint in Arm

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Types of Joints Contd

• 3) Hinge back and forth movements much like a
  door (elbow, knee)

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Types of Joints

• 4) Gliding bones slide against each other
  (wrist)
• 5) Saddle Freely moveable joint found only in
  the thumb

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Joint support

• Ligaments bands of tissue that connect bone to
  bone
• Surrounds joints with wide range of motion and
  little skeletal support
• Cartilage covers bone ends and allows for
  smooth movement. Can also be found in joint to
  provide cushion (meniscus)
• Bursa sacs of fluid that act as shock absorbers
• Tendons bands of tissue that connect muscle to
  bone (patella tendon, Achilles)

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Problems with Skeletal System - Breaks

• Complete/Incomplete (Greenstick)
• Displaced
• Simple/Compound (breaks skin)
• Impacted or Comminuted
• Spiral
• Hairline

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Breaks - Complete Displaced
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Breaks - Incomplete/Greenstick
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Breaks - Spiral
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Breaks - Compound
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Breaks - Comminuted
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Breaks - Hairline
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Osteoporosis
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Problems with Skeletal System -Rheumatoid
arthritis

• Inflammation in joints
• Redness, warmth, swelling, pain, fatigue
• Occurs on both sides of body
• Genetic, environmental, hormonal factors immune
  system attacks the joints and other organs

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Rheumatoid arthritis
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Problems with Skeletal System - Dislocation

• Normal Dislocated

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Dislocation

• Normal Dislocated