Respiratory System

1
Respiratory System
2
The Respiratory System
3
The Respiratory System

• You breath in and out 15 times per minute
• With physical activity breathing increases.
  Why??
• On average the lungs move 10 000 L of air
  in and out of the lungs each day
• Responsible for providing O2 to the cells and
  removing CO2 from the body
• Works in conjunction with the circulatory system

4
The Respiratory System

• Made up of the
• Nose (Nasal Cavity)
• Mouth
• Pharynx (Throat)
• Larynx
• Trachea
• Bronchi
• Lung
• Bronchioles
• Alveoli

5
The Adams Apple!!

• Larynx The larynx is the portion of the
  respiratory tract containing the vocal cords
  which produce vocal sound.
• It is located between the pharynx and the
  trachea.
• The Adams apple is cartilage surrounding the
  larynx to protect it

6
The Adams Apple

• You can find your larynx by touching the front of
  your throat and humming
• When the larynx grows larger during puberty, it
  sticks out at the front of the throat. This is
  what's called an Adam's apple.
• During puberty, but a girl's larynx doesn't grow
  as much as a boy's. Thats why boys generally
  have a more prominent Adams Apple.

7
The Respiratory System

• Air Enters through the nose and mouth
• Passes through the pharynx (throat)
• Down the trachea
• Splits evenly into the 2 bronchi
• Splits into bronchioles
• Enters the Alveoli

8
The Trachea

• The trachea (windpipe) is supported by rings of
  cartilage (connective tissue)
• Gives it a rigid feel (try it!)
• Keeps it open
• Splits into two bronchi

9
Gas Exchange

• Main purpose of the respiratory system
• Each bronchi branches until it ends in tiny air
  sacs called alveolus where gas exchange occurs
• At the lungs, O2 enters the blood stream and CO2
  leaves

10

• Each alveolus have very thin walls and are
  surrounded by capillaries
• In the alveoli O2 enters the blood stream and CO2
  leaves

11
Breathing

• The process of moving air into (inhalation) and
  out of the lungs (exhalation)
• Involves muscles which move the rib cage and a
  large sheet of muscle called the diaphragm
• Controlled by the amount of CO2 in the blood

12
Other Animals

• Many animals have similar respiratory systems
  whose goal is to make O2 available and rid the
  body of CO2
• Fish use gills for gas exchange
• The capillaries inside the gills remove the O2
  from the water
• That is why some fish need to be continually
  swimming to survive

Fish Gas Exchange
13
Diseases of the Respiratory System

• Tuberculosis (TB)
• Infectious disease (easily passed between people)
• Causes by bacteria entering your lungs
• Symptoms include fever, cough, weight loss,
  tiredness and chest pain
• Can be fatal if not treated
• Can be diagnosed with an
• x-ray

14
Asthma
Asthma Attack

• Severe allergic reaction characterized by the
  constriction of bronchioles
• Less air sent to alveoli

15
Emphysema

• Condition in which the alveoli walls deteriorate,
  causing the lungs to lose their gas exchange
  ability
• Can be caused by smoking

16
Pneumonia

• Condition in which the alveoli become filled with
  fluid, preventing the exchange of gases

17
Other Diseases of the Respiratory System Other Diseases of the Respiratory System
 Bronchitis Inflammation of the lining of the bronchioles (branch of bronchi)
Lung cancer Irregular uncontrolled growth of tumors in the lung tissue
18
Respiratory System Structural Review
19
Connecting the Respiratory System, the
Circulatory System and the rest of the body
Oxygen Transport from Lungs to Cells