Good%20Practices

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Good Practices

• Dr. Willem Marsman
• DVM

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Good practices

• To reduce environmental impacts of Agri-Food
  production and consumption
• Questions to be asked
• What is the source
• What is the magnitude and impact
• What measures will help to avoid or reduce
• How to implement these measures

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Life cycle approach

• Crop production
• Input
• soil
• Water
• Pesticides
• Herbicides
• Fertilizer
• Energy
• seeds

• Output
• Soil loss
• Contamination
• Harm to non target species

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Life cycle approach

• Livestock/fish production
• input
• Feed grazing land
• Water
• Antibiotics
• energy

• Output
• Green gas emissions
• Manure
• Management problems

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Life cycle approach

• Processing
• Input
• Water
• cleaners/sanitizer/
• energy

• Output
• Effluent
• Food residues

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Life cycle approach

• Packaging
• Input
• Paper
• Cardboard
• Plastics
• Glass
• Metals
• energy

• Output
• Solid waste

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Life cycle approach

• Distribution
• Input
• Transport fuels
• Storage air-condition

• Output
• Greenhouse gas emissions
• Other transport emissions
• Ozone layer depletion

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Life cycle approach

• Consumption
• Input
• energy

• Output
• Solid waste

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Good practices

• Depending on where you live in the world
  environmental sustainability aspects of food
  production can have different imperatives.
• These differences are most obvious when comparing
  less developed countries and more developed
  countries where expectation and priorities are
  quite different

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Good practices

• For less developed countries the ability to
  provide growing populations with the most basic
  of foods needs is the number one priority
• In contrast more developed countries are not
  generally faced with food security issues and
  many problems are related to over consumption
  rather than deficiencies

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Good practices

• Irrespective of these differences the factors
  that ultimately govern the environmental
  sustainability of food production are common and
  most nations face challenges in all these areas
• Conservation of soils and nutrient status
• Wise use of fertilizers
• Selection and preservation of productive genetic
  stock
• Careful use of agents for controlling diseases
  and insect blight
• Efficient use of resources, in particular water
  and energy
• Protection of water quality through the careful
  disposal of wastes
• Minimization of wastes and productive use of by
  products

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Good practices

• Sustainability issues cut across the entire food
  production and supply chain from agricultural
  production to processing through to packaging,
  distribution and final consumption

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Good practices

• Possible solutions
• Cleaner production
• Environmental impact assessment
• Environmental management system
• Environmental reporting
• Life cycle assessment
• Environmental sound technologies
• Integrated policies and regulations
• Supply chain management
• Environmental technology assessment
• Eco design
• Extended producer responsibility

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Cleaner production

• Means he continuous application of an integrated
  preventive environmental strategy to processes,
  products and services to increase efficiency and
  reduce risks to humans and the environment
• It is a preventative approach rather than a
  reactive
• May not solve all environmental problems at a
  facility but it will decrease the need for end of
  pipe equipment and create less toxic waste to
  treat and dispose

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• Reduces workers exposure to hazardous chemicals
  and residuals are normally less of a burden to
  waste streams

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• Key elements
• Cleaner production covers processes, products and
  services and their impacts included their design
  ,utilization and usage of raw materials and
  energy
• It covers all wastes-hazardous/toxic or
  not-whether emitted into the air, water or onto
  the land
• It requires not only improving efficiency and
  material substitution (using tools such as
  technology and know how) but new managerial
  skills and policies as well it also acknowledges
  though importance of design and use of product as
  well as services

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Environmental impact assessment-EIA

• Is a tool used to identify the environmental,
  social and economic impacts of a project prior to
  decision making
• It aims to predict environmental impacts at an
  early stage in project planning and design, find
  ways and means to reduce adverse impacts, shape
  projects to suit the local environment and
  present the predictions and options to decision
  makers

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• Key elements
• Scoping identify key issues and concerns of
  interested parties
• Screening decide whether an EIA is required base
  on information collected
• Identify and evaluating alternatives list
  alternative sites and techniques and the impacts
  of each
• Mitigating measures dealing with uncertainty
  review proposed action to prevent or minimize
  the potential adverse effect on the project
• Issuing environmental statements report the
  findings of EIA

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Environmental management system
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Environmental reporting
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Life cycle analysis
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Environmental sound technologies
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Integrated policies and regulations
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Supply chain management
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Environmental technology assessment
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Eco design
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Extended producer responsibility