Central Processing Unit

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Central Processing Unit

• CPU or Processor

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Central Processing Unit

• Components
• Control Unit
• Arithmetic Logic Unit

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Central Processing Unit

• Control Unit
• Reads Interprets Program Instructions
• Directs the Operation of the Processor
• Controls the flow of programs and data into and
  out of memory

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Central Processing Unit

• Arithmetic Logic Unit
• Arithmetic
• Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, Division
• Logic
• Comparisons

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Central Processing Unit

• Machine Cycle
• Fetch
• Decode
• Execute
• Store

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Central Processing Unit

• Fetch
• Calls an instruction into memory

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Central Processing Unit

• Decode
• Figures out what the instruction is trying to do

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Central Processing Unit

• Execute
• Does the decoded instruction
• Add 22

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Central Processing Unit

• Store
• Puts the answer 4 into memory for use by another
  instruction

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Central Processing Unit

• Clock Cycle
• A Crystal Oscillator on the Motherboard
• It paces the machine cycle

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Central Processing Unit

• Clock Cycle
• Measured in MHz or GHz
• Megahertz 1,000,000 cycles/sec
• Gigahertz 1,000,000,000 cycles/sec

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Central Processing Unit

• Clock Cycle
• One clock cycle is calculated by dividing 1 by
  the MHz or GHz
• Example (800 MHz CPU)
• 1/800,000,000
• 0.00000000125 or
• 1.25 nanoseconds (nano billionth)
• (1.25 billionths of a second)

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Central Processing Unit

• Clock Cycle
• The shorter the clock cycle the faster the
  processor

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Central Processing Unit

• Pipelining
• Executing multiple instructions at the same time

FETCH DECODE EXECUTE STORE
Instruction 1
Instruction 2
Instruction 3
Instruction 4
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Central Processing Unit

• Parallel Processing
• Multiple processors work together to complete a
  set of instructions

CPU 01
Control CPU
Answer
CPU 02
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Central Processing Unit

• Dual-Core
• A dual-core CPU combines two independent
  processors and their respective caches and cache
  controllers onto a single silicon chip

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Central Processing Unit

• Dual-Core

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Central Processing Unit

• Dual-Core Advantages
• Less Power
• Less Space
• Better Performance

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Central Processing Unit

• Dual-Core Disadvantages
• Require Different OS
• Scalability more limited
• Lower production yields

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Central Processing Unit

• INTEL
• AMD
• TRANSMETA
• MOTOROLA

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Central Processing Unit

• INTEL

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Central Processing Unit

• AMD

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Central Processing Unit

• TRANSMETA

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Central Processing Unit

• MOTOROLA IBM

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Central Processing Unit

• Questions

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Central Processing Unit

• Assignment 01
• Explain the difference between the Intel
  Dual-Core and AMD Dual-Core CPUS. What makes them
  different.
• Double-Spaced, 12pt Font, w/References
• Due Wed Sept 7th