Kingdom Fungi

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Kingdom Fungi
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What are Fungi?

• Fungi are NOT PLANTS
• Defined as a
• single or multi-celled eukaryote with
  heterotrophic, absorptive nutrition, chitinous
  cell walls, and which stores energy as glycogen.

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Characteristics

• Heterotrophic
• Cannot make own food
• Absorptive nutrition
• Produce enzymes that break down food outside body
• Then absorb small molecules released by enzymes

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Characteristics

• Cell walls made of chitin
• 2 general growth patterns
• Single cells example is yeast
• Hyphae example mushrooms
• Reproduce by spores
• Vital role in ecosystem
• Decomposers
• Symbiotic
• Predators
• Cordycepes The Killer Fungus

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Structure Function

• Hyphae
• Tubular
• Long, slender branching filaments
• Hard wall of Chitin
• Crosswalls may form compartments
• Grow at tips

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Structure Function

• Fruiting Body
• Reproductive structure
• Grows from mycelium
• Mycelium
• Mass of branching hyphae below soil
• Example Mushroom

Fungal Structure Video
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Fruiting Body and Mycelium
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Reproduce by Spores

• Spores are reproductive cells
• Sexual plus () and minus (-)
• Asexual budding or breaking hyphae
• Formed
• Directly on hyphae
• Inside sporangia
• Fruiting bodies

Above Hyphae Middle sporangia Far Left
fruiting body
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Hyphal growth from spore
Germinating spore
Mycelium
Mycelia have a huge surface area
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Asexual Reproduction
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Sexual Reproduction
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Diversity of Fungi
Classified by their reproductive structures
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Phylum BasidiomycotaClub Fungi
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Gills with Basidia
Cap
Rhizoids
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Phylum AscomycotaSac Fungi
Bakers Yeast
Penicillium
Morels
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Asci with ascopores
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Phylum Zygomycota
Mycorrhizae
Rhizopus mycelium
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Bread Mold with sporangia
Zygospore
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Ecological Role

• Decomposers
• break down complex molecules into sugars or
  consume sugars found in environment.
• Examples
• Common bread molds
• Shelf fungi
• White button mushrooms

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Ecological Role

• Symbiotic Fungi
• receive their energy (carbohydrates) directly
  from a plant or algal partner.
• Examples
• mycorrhizal fungi (live on plant roots)
• lichens (contain algae)