Space

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Space Satellite Regulatory Colloquium

• Future Policy, Legal, and Practical issues in
  Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS)
• With
• Dr. Scott Madry
• Executive Director
• madry_at_gsi-space.org
• What is the role of GNSS in the New Space
  Revolution?

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Satellites?

• From the Latin satellus a servant or attendant,
  one who serves a powerful master or Lord
• First named for the moons of the planets (named
  for ancient gods) that seemed to run quickly
  around their masters
• An appropriate name for these orbiting servants
  of humanity

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Global Navigation Satellite Systems PNT

• PNT- Positioning, Navigation and Timing
• Navstar GPS, Glonass, Galileo, Compass, IRNSS,
  etc.
• These and follow-on systems provide precision
  navigation and timing for global land, air, sea,
  space use
• A vital new role for space applications
• The world-wide value chain for precise
  positioning GPS goods and services went from US3
  Billion in 2008 to US 100 Billion by 2019
• 7 bil GNSS units by 2022

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GNSS

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A Complex Policy Domain

• The was once only the US GPS
• Now multiple overlapping DUAL USE systems
• Complex issues of national security, commerce,
  jobs, pride, prestige and more
• How does New Space fit in?

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GNSS Spectrum
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GPS Jamming

• Cheap jammers on the internet for US50
• Illegal in most countries
• Used to defeat fleet tracking, e-pay on toll
  roads, and anti-theft systems
• Only work for a few meters

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More Powerful Jammers

• the South Korea Communications Commission
  informed lawmakers that between August 23 and 25,
  2010 signals emanating from near the North Korean
  city of Kaesong interfered with South Korean GPS
  military and civilian receivers on land and at
  sea.
• Officials say the jammers were repeatedly
  switched on for 10-minute periods over a number
  of hours during the three days.
• Extremely low power, and are only about 50 x
  10-18 W by the time they reach the surface of the
  Earth.

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Required Service Use?

• Russia and China have announced intention to
  require use of national signals and equipment, EU
  may follow
• A serious issue with WTO implications

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Legal and Policy Issues

• Tracking parolees (125k), dementia patients,
  employees, spouses
• U.S. v. Jones, 10-1259 a 2012 unanimous Supreme
  Court ruling that police must get a search
  warrant before using GPS to track suspects
• A very narrow ruling
• Authenticity and accuracy?
• Who owns the data?

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Legal and Ethical Issues

• Personal privacy- Investigatory data
• Who owns data?
• Who can see it? Who can sell it?
• Who is liable if it is wrong?
• Do police require warrants for GNSS tracking?
• LBS Location Based Services- opt in or opt out?

GPS Jammer Locator
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• Vision Statement of the International Committee
  on Global Navigation Satellite Systems (ICG)  
• The International Committee on Global Navigation
  Satellite Systems (ICG) strives to encourage and
  facilitate compatibility, interoperability and
  transparency between all the satellite navigation
  systems, to promote and protect the use of their
  open service applications and thereby benefit the
  global community.
• Our vision is to ensure the best satellite based
  positioning, navigation and timing for peaceful
  uses for everybody, anywhere, any time.

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ICAO

• The 1998 Charter on the Rights and Obligations of
  States Relating to GNSS Services states (in
  part)
• 2. Every State and aircraft of all States shall
  have access, on a non-discriminatory basis under
  uniform conditions, to the use of GNSS services,
  including regional augmentation systems for
  aeronautical use within the area of coverage of
  such systems
• 4. Every State providing GNSS services, including
  signals, or under whose jurisdiction such
  services are provided, shall ensure the
  continuity, availability, integrity, accuracy and
  reliability of such services, including effective
  arrangements to minimize the operational impact
  of system malfunctions or failure, and to achieve
  expeditions service recovery.

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Thank you!

• GNSS is Dual Use
• Complex national security, commercial, prestige
  issues
• No true commercial systems in view
• NewSpace applications, not GNSS signal providers,
  will be the future