COLLABORATE

1
COLLABORATE Video Conferencing Networking
Basics
2
IP Addressing

• IP addressing
• Networking Ports
• Network Address Translation
• Firewalls

3
IP Addressing

• Internet Protocol address is a numerical label
  assigned to each device participating in a
  computer network that uses the Internet Protocol
  for communication (Wikipedia, May 25th, 2011).
• Every device on network must have unique address
• IP Address
• Subnet Mask
• Default Gateway
• An address of a router to get to another network
• Only if needing access to other network

4
IP Addressing

• How Many Addresses are there?
• IP Version 4
• 232 
• 4,294,967,296
• IP Version 6
•  3.41038 IPV6 addresses
• 340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768,211,45
  6

5
IP Addressing
340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768,211,45
6 340- undecillion 282- decillion 366-
nonillion 920- octillion 938-
septillion 463- sextillion 463-
quintillion 374- quadrillion 607-
trillion 431- billion 768- million 211-
thousand 456
6
IP Addressing

• Public and Private IP addresses
• Public addresses are routable via the Internet
• Assigned to Regional Internet Registries by
  Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA)

7
IP Addressing

• Private IP Addresses are not routable via the
  Internet
• Used in Closed networks
• LANs, WANs, CANs, MANs
• 10.0.0.0 10.255.255.254
• 172.16.0.0 172.31.255.255
• 192.168.0.0 192.168.255.255
• 169.254.1.0 169.254.254.255 link-local
  address (APIPA)
• 127.0.0.0 127.255.255.255 localhost
• 100.64.0.0 100.127.255.255 - Carrier Grade NAT
  (RFC6598)

8
IP Addressing
IP Addressing
255.0.0.0 -- class A (16, 777,216) 255.255.0.0 --
class B (65,536) 255.255.255.0 -- class C (256)
9
IP Address Example
Network

• 32 bits in length
• 4 octets, 8 bits in length each.

Host
192.168.23.45
.
IP Address
255.255.255.0
/24
Subnet mask
Subnet Mask
Address Range
-
192.168. 23.0
192.168.23.255
10
IP Address Example
192.168.23.45
255.255.255.0
11000000 10101000 00010111 00101101
11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000
11
IP Address Example
11000000.
00101101
10101000.
00010111.
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
11000000
10101000
192.168.23.45
12
IP Address Example
00101101
00010111.
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
00101101
00010111
192.168.23.45
13
IP Address

• 192.168.23.45 - Host
• 255.255.255.0 - Subnet
• 192.168.23.1 Default Gateway

MAIN Street
CENTER Street
14
IP Address

• 192.168.23.45 - Host
• 255.255.255.0 - Subnet
• 192.168.23.1 Default Gateway

192.168.24.47
15
IP Address ANDing

• ANDing
• The process used by a source device to find out
  if the destination device is on the same network
  or on a different network
• 1 AND 1 1
• 1 AND 0 0
• 0 AND 0 0
• 0 AND 1 0

16
IP Address ANDing
11000000. 10101000. 00010111.00101101
My IP Address 192.168.23.45
My Subnet Mask 255.255.255.0
11111111. 11111111. 11111111. 00000000
ANDing equals 192.168.23.0
11000000. 10101000. 00010111.00000000
Network
Network
Network
Host
Dest. IP Address 192.168.24.47
11000000. 10101000. 00011000.00101111
11111111. 11111111. 11111111. 00000000
Dest. Subnet Mask 255.255.255.0
ANDing equals 192.168.24.0
11000000. 10101000. 00011000. 00000000
Network
Network
Network
Host
17
IP Address ANDing
11000000. 10101000. 00010111.00101101
My IP Address 192.168.23.45
My Subnet Mask 255.255.255.0
11111111. 11111111. 11111111. 00000000
Network
Network
Network
Host
Dest. IP Address 192.168.24.47
11000000. 10101000. 00011000.00101111
11111111. 11111111. 11111111. 00000000
Dest. Subnet Mask 255.255.255.0
Network
Network
Network
Host
18
IP Address Routing

• 192.168.23.45 - Host
• 255.255.255.0 Subnet
• 192.168.23.1 Default Gateway

Checking Routing Table
192.168.24.47
Router is my Post Office
19
Assigning IP Address

• DHCP
• Static
• Link-Local (APIPA)

20
DHCP-Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

• Easy way to assign IP addresses to hosts
• Helps prevent duplicate IP addresses
• Most home routers have server built in
• Can configure router to specify which addresses
  to assign
• Configure Lease time
• How long a client can keep IP address before
  renewing
• IP address can change!!!

DHCP Server
DHCP Client
Where is my Server?
I am here! Use 192.168.23.45
I want to use 192.168.23.45
ACK! You are using 192.168.23.45
21
Static IP Addressing

• More difficult to Maintain
• User error can cause
• Duplicate IPs
• Incorrect input
• Much longer to set up
• Must set IP address on all devices, not server
  centric
• Why use Static IPs?
• Video Conferencing Units
• NetPoint
• Cameras
• Media Servers
• Virtual controls
• Third Party controls using IP
• Gateway Routers need to be static
• No DHCP server available

22
Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA)

• Link-Local Address
• 169.254.1.0 169.254.254.255
• 169.254.0.0 /24 and 169.254.255.0 /24 are
  reserved
• No DHCP server available
• Primary configuration method fails
• Not Routable!
• DHCP server lease will override this address
  configuration

23
IP Addressing

• IP addressing
• Networking Ports
• Network Address Translation
• Firewalls

24
Network Ports

• an application-specific or process-specific
  software construct serving as a communications
  endpoint in a computer's host operating system. A
  port is associated with an IP address of the
  host, as well as the type of protocol used for
  communication (Wikipedia, January 31, 2013).
• Multiplexing
• Door to different applications running on a
  computer

25
Network Ports

• Network Ports
• Specific to an application serving as a
  communication point in a computers operating
  system
• 16 bits in length
• 1 65535
• UDP or TCP ports
• Well Known Ports
• 1 1023
• 23 Telnet
• 25 SMTP
• 80 HTTP
• 389 LDAP
• 10.0.0.41720

Port
IP Address
26
IP Address Routing

• 192.168.23.45 - Host
• 255.255.255.0 Subnet
• 192.168.23.1 Default Gateway

Checking Routing Table
192.168.24.47
Router is my Post Office
27
Network Ports
192.168.24.47
Jane Doe 192.168.24.47
28
Network Ports
192.168.24.47
Jane Doe 192.168.24.47 Apartment 1720
29
Network Port examples
192.168.23.4580
Network Port
192.168.23.4525
192.168.23.4523
192.168.23.451720
30
Network Port example
192.168.23.451720
192.168.23.4580
192.168.23.4525
192.168.23.4523
31
Network Ports
Sent from my Computer
Source Port
Destination Port
Sent from Yahoo Server
32
IP Addressing

• IP addressing
• Networking Ports
• Network Address Translation
• Firewalls

33
Network Address Translation

• How does my computer with a private IP,
  communicate on the Internet?
• IPv4 provides 4.3 billion addresses
• Many are reserved
• Every device on Internet requires unique address
• Network Address Translation
• NAT (RFC3022)
• Allows router to act as agent between private and
  public network
• Changes IP information in transit
• Allows Enterprise to use one set of IP Addresses
  internally and another externally
• Hides internal IP addresses from outside world

34
Network Address Translation
A 192.168.23.45 216.51.70.10
B 192.168.23.46 216.51.70.11
C 192.168.23.47 216.51.70.12
Private IP Public IP
192.168.23.45
216.51.40.10
192.168.23.46
216.51.70.11
192.168.23.47
216.51.70.12

• Static NAT
• Mapping Private IP addresses to Public IP
  addresses
• on a one-to-one basis
• Address mapping does not change

35
Network Address Translation
These address can change
A 192.168.23.45 216.51.70.20
B 192.168.23.46 216.51.70.67
C 192.168.23.47 216.51.70.29
Private IP Public IP
192.168.23.45
216.51.40.20
192.168.23.46
216.51.70.67
192.168.23.47
216.51.70.29

• Dynamic NAT
• Maps internal IPs to a Pool of External IPs
• Many-to-Many
• Address mapping CAN change

36
Network Address Translation
A 192.168.23.45 216.51.70.20 100
B 192.168.23.46 216.51.70.20 200
C 192.168.23.47 216.51.70.20 300
Private IP Public IP Port
192.168.23.45
216.51.40.20100
192.168.23.46
216.51.70.67200
192.168.23.47
216.51.70.29300

• Overloading
• Maps many internal IPs to a single external IP
• Many-to-One
• Port Address Translation

37
IP Addressing

• IP addressing
• Networking Ports
• Network Address Translation
• Firewalls

38
Firewalls

• Firewalls
• Software based
• Hardware based
• Protects private network
• Packet Filters
• Based on IP addresses, Protocols, Port Numbers
• Stateful or Stateless
• Application-Layer
• Examines process of data packets
• Application Layer Filters
• Proxies
• Network Address Translation

39
Firewall Traversal
Enterprise LAN
WAN/Internet
DMZ
Internal Network
40
Firewall Traversal
A 192.168.23.45 Outbound to 216.51.70.10 from port 1720
B 192.168.23.46 Outbound to 216.51.70.11 from port 34562
Internet
192.168.23.45
216.51.70.10
216.51.70.101720
192.168.23.451720
192.168.23.46
216.51.70.1134562
192.168.23.4621
Denied
216.51.70.11
192.168.23.4634562
Denied
216.51.70.12
192.168.23.47

B 192.168.23.46 216.51.70.11
C 192.168.23.47 216.51.70.12
41
H.323 and Ports

• Collaborate Video Conferencing Ports
• 389 Static TCP LDAP
• 1718 Static UDP Gatekeeper discovery
• 1719 Static UDP Gatekeeper ,RAS (Registration
  Admission Status )
• 1720 Static TCP Q.931 (Call Setup)
• 1731 Static TCP Audio control
• 5004-6004 Dynamic TCP H.245 (Call Parameters)
• (5004-5035) Dynamic TCP/UDP H235/RTP
• 5004-6004 Dynamic UDP (RTP) Video Data Streams,
  (RTP) Audio Data Streams, (RTCP) Control
  Information
• 3000 Static TCP Collaborate VCB for 1 service
• 3001 Static TCP Collaborate VCB for 2 services
• 22136 Static TCP ClearOne Collaborate Central -
  Remote ClearOne Endpoint Admin
• 26505 Static TCP ClearOne Collaborate Central -
  Remote Console Login
• Ports to open when using SIP
• 5060 TCP and UDP
• 5004 UDP
• 10000 UDP (SIP gate service - usually 3478/9)
• 16348-32768 UDP (RTP, RTCP multimedia streaming)

42
No Firewall Traversal
VCB
43
Firewall traversal without NetPoint
VCB
Open Ports 1718 1719 UDP 1720, 1731 TCP 18100
18999 UDP/TCP 389 TCP 80 TCP 26505, 22136 TCP
44
Firewall Traversal with NetPoint
VCB Server
Open Ports 15100 TCP 15101 - 102 UDP 389 TCP
45
IP Addressing

• IP addressing
• Networking Ports
• Network Address Translation
• Firewalls

46

Streaming Your Video Conference Multicast and
Unicast
47
Video Conference Streaming

• Streaming your Video Conference
• Cost effective way to get your message to the
  masses
• Multicast Streaming
• One to many stream
• Saves bandwidth
• Not enabled over Internet
• Requires multicast viewer
• Unicast Streaming
• Many to Many
• Uses more bandwidth
• Can be used over Internet
• Requires Windows media player or other compatible
  viewer

48
Multicast Streaming
I want this service
SWITCH
Multicast Stream
I want this service
Source
I want this service
One-to-Many
49
Multicast Streaming
SWITCH
Multicast Stream
Source
One-to-Many
1024 Kbps
50
Unicast Streaming
Unicast Stream 1
SWITCH
Unicast Stream 1
Unicast Stream 2
Unicast Stream 2
Unicast Stream 3
Source
Unicast Stream 3
Many-to-Many
51
Unicast Streaming
Unicast Stream 1
SWITCH
Unicast Stream 1
Unicast Stream 2
Unicast Stream 2
Unicast Stream 3
Source
Unicast Stream 3
1024 Kbps X 3
1024 Kbps
52
Collaborate Streaming

• Collaborate Room
• Multicast capable
• of viewers is dependent on network
• Unicast capable
• Up to 20 Sstreams
• Collaborate VCB
• Multicast capable
• of viewers is dependent on network
• Unicast Capable
• Up to 50 Streams
• Collaborate Desktop
• Multicast capable
• of viewers is dependent on network
• Unicast capable
• Up to 20 Streams

53
Multicast and Unicast Streaming
LAN
Internet
Multicast Streams
SWITCH
Source
54
Multicast and Unicast Streaming
LAN
Internet
Unicast Streams
Multicast Streams
SWITCH
Source
55
Multicast and Unicast Streaming
LAN
Internet
Unicast Streams
SWITCH
Source
56
Thank You For Your Time
www.clearone.com