New Things

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New Things

• Will do bell ringers weekly now. Keep all on same
  page and turn in at the end of the week for a
  weekly bell ringer grade.
• Participation grade. Will be based on your
  participation in class. If you take notes do your
  classwork sit in your assigned seat and do not
  have to be told anything two times you will get a
  100. Otherwise you will lose points.

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Chapter 7 Early China

• Section 1 The First Civilizations (pg. 224)

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Chinas Geography(pages 225-226)

1. Huang He, or the Yellow River, flows for more
   than 2,900 miles across China. Flooding of the
   river brought destruction and good farming
   conditions to China.
2. Chang Jiang, or the Yangtze River, is about 3,400
   miles long and flows across central China.

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1. China has very little farm land because much of
   the country is either mountains or deserts.
2. The Middle Kingdom was created after the Chinese
   people united to form one kingdom.

The mountains and deserts separated the Chinese
people from most other peoples.
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The Shang Dynasty(pages 226-229)

1. Archaeologists believe the Huang He valley was
   the center of Chinese civilization.
2. The first rulers were probably part of the Xia
   dynasty.
3. The Shang kings ruled from about 1750 B.C. to
   1122 B.C.

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1. Anyang was Chinas first capital. It was built
   during the Shang dynasty.

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• People of the Shang dynasty were divided into
  groups. The king and his royal family were the
  most powerful group. Warlords and other royal
  officials were in the class below the kings.
  They were aristocrats, nobles whose wealth came
  from the land they owned. Traders and artisans
  were below aristocrats. Most were farmers.
  Slaves captured during wars were the lowest class
  of people.

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The Shang Dynasty
According to ancient Chinese records, the Shang
dynasty formed around 1766 BC, although many
archaeologists believe it actually began somewhat
later than that.
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1. People in the Shang dynasty believed in many
   spirits and gods and honored ancestors with
   offerings.
2. Shang kings believed they received wisdom and
   power from the gods, spirits, and ancestors.

• Ancestor Worship
• Shang offered gifts to deceased ancestors to keep
  them happy in afterlife
• Steam from ritual meals nourished ancestors
  spirits

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1. Early Chinese writing used pictographs, or
   characters that stand for objects. Ideographs
   are two or more pictographs joined to represent
   an idea.
2. Artisans created many works but are best known
   for their bronze objects.

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Video Clip

• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vZf01jXjpOYw

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Bell ringer

• Write the questions and answers. You have until 5
  minutes after the bell to complete.
• 1. What was the name of the first capital in
  China?

• 2. How did Chinese people show respect to their
  dead ancestors?
• 3. Where was the center of Chinese civilization
  at this time?

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Shang Achievements and Decline

• Writing
• Development of Chinese writing closely tied to
  use of oracle bones
• Earliest examples of Chinese writing, questions
  written on bones themselves
• Early Shang texts used picture symbols to
  represent objects, ideas

• Bronze
• Shang religion led to great advances in working
  with bronze
• Highly decorative bronze vessels, objects created
  for religious rituals
• Also built huge structures like tombs created
  calendar, first money systems

• End of Dynasty
• Shang ruled for more than 600 years, until about
  1100 BC
• Ruling Chinas growing population proved too much
  for Shang
• Armies from nearby tribe, Zhou, invaded,
  established new ruling dynasty

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Did you know???

• How does the Chinese language differ from the
  alphabet system used by Americans?
• In the American alphabet, each letter represents
  a sound. In the Chinese language, each marking,
  or symbol, represents a whole word.

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The Zhou Dynasty(pages 229-231)

• Wu Wang and his followers rebelled against the
  Shang dynasty and created the Zhou dynasty.
• The Zhou dynasty ruled longer than any dynasty in
  Chinese history.

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1. Kings in the Zhou dynasty served at the head of
   the government. A bureaucracyofficials who are
   responsible for different areas of
   governmentserved under the king.
2. The Zhou kingdom was divided into smaller
   territories. Each territory was led by an
   aristocrat.

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1. Zhou kings were thought to be the link between
   gods and people.
2. The Mandate of Heaven was a heavenly law that
   gave Zhou kings power to rule. The Mandate of
   heaven also gave people rights.

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1. The Dao was the proper way kings were to rule
   their people.
2. Irrigation and flood-control were developed
   during the Zhou dynasty. Farm tools, such as
   the plow, were developed.

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• Silk was an important trade item during the Zhou
  dynasty.

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• The Period of Warring States occurred during the
  fall of the Zhou dynasty. During this time, the
  local rulers began fighting each other.

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Zhou Achievements

• Before Zhou, Chinese metalwork done almost
  exclusively in bronze
• Zhou learned to use iron, became backbone of
  economy
• Iron was strong, could be cast more cheaply,
  quickly than bronze
• Iron weapons strengthened Zhou army, as did new
  weapons like catapult and creation of Chinas
  first cavalry

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Mandate of Heaven

• Remember the Mandate of Heaven gave the Chinese
  dynasties the right to rule the right way, aka
  Dao, and to keep the gods happy. This gave the
  people the right to overthrow the government if
  they did not rule the right way. Write about some
  problems you can see that might occur from having
  a form of government that works this way, what
  would happen if we operated this way. 6-7
  sentences.