Chapter 22: The Civil War

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Chapter 22 The Civil War

• What factors and events influenced the outcome of
  the Civil War?

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Chapter 22 The Civil War What factors events
influenced the outcome of the Civil War?
Learning Goals Compare the strengths and weaknesses of the North and the South and its leaders at the time of the secession crisis. 2. How did the First Battle of Bull Run awaken the need of spies, women, and good leadership? 3. What was the Anaconda Plan and how did the Battle of Antietam bring new realities to the war? 4. How did the Emancipation Proclamation change the purpose of the war? 5. Why was Gettysburg considered a Turning Point? 6. What was the purpose of Lincolns Gettysburg Address? 7. How did the siege of Vicksburg and the control of the Mississippi help the Union cause? 8. How and why did attitudes about African Americans change during the war? 9. How did Total War bring a surrender at Appomattox?
Key Terms Confederacy, Civil War, Emancipation, Habeas Corpus, Gettysburg Address, Appomattox Court House
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Key Content Terms

1. Confederacy
2. Emancipation Proclamation
3. Gettysburg Address
4. Civil War
5. Habeas Corpus
6. Appomattox Court House

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Chapter 22 Preview/Discussion Questions

1. How might real Civil War soldiers have felt
   marching off to war? Why?
2. How do you think civilians watching the parade
   might have felt? Why?
3. As the war progressed, how might key events and
   battles have affected or changed the way soldiers
   and civilians felt?

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22.1 Read record answers. Be prepared to
discuss.

• What did Southerners believe?
• What was the new country called?
• What did Stephen Douglass say about the choice
  that Americans had?
• Who were the middle states?

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22.1 Answers

• What did Southerners believe?
• What was the new country called?

1. They believed that just as states voluntarily
joined the Union they could voluntarily leave the
union.
2. The new country was called the Confederate
States of America.
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22.1 Answers

1. What did Stephen Douglass say about the choice
   that Americans had?
2. Who were the middle states?

3. There can be no neutrals in this war, only
patriots or traitors.

• Confederate Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, and
  N. Carolina.
• Union Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, and
  Missouri.
• Western counties of Virginia formed W. Virginia
  as Union.

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1861 Map
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Chapter 22 The Civil War What factors events
influenced the outcome of the Civil War?
Learning Goals Compare the strengths and weaknesses of the North and the South and its leaders at the time of the secession crisis. 2. How did the First Battle of Bull Run awaken the need of spies, women, and good leadership? 3. What was the Anaconda Plan and how did the Battle of Antietam bring new realities to the war? 4. How did the Emancipation Proclamation change the purpose of the war? 5. Why was Gettysburg considered a Turning Point? 6. What was the purpose of Lincolns Gettysburg Address? 7. How did the siege of Vicksburg and the control of the Mississippi help the Union cause? 8. How and why did attitudes about African Americans change during the war? 9. How did Total War bring a surrender at Appomattox?
Key Terms Confederacy, Civil War, Emancipation, Habeas Corpus, Gettysburg Address, Appomattox Court House
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22.2 North vs. South. Read complete the
table.
Strengths Weaknesses
North 1. Larger population 2. 90 of the nations manufacturing 3. Controlled most banks 4. More farms for food for troops 5. Most of the nations iron, coal, copper, and gold. 6. Controlled the seas 7. Extensive railroad lines to transport troops and supplies 8. Abraham Lincolns leadership 1. Lacked good military leadership
South 1. Excellent military leadership 2. Large territory made it difficult to invade and conquer 3. Southerners were defending their way of life. 1. The Confederacy could easily be split in two if the North took control of the Mississippi 2. Few factories to produce guns or other military supplies 3. Limited transportation for troops and supplies
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22.2 Continued
Discuss and answer questions 2 and 3 in your
groups.

1. Based on information in your matrix, predict
   which side you think was more likely to win the
   Civil War? Explain.
2. How did Abraham Lincoln and Jefferson Davis each
   use the ideals of the American Revolution and the
   Declaration of Independence to support their
   sides cause?

Lincoln In his first inaugural address, Lincoln
said his goal was to preserve the Union, a Union
begun by the revolution and matured and
continued by the Declaration of Independence.
Davis In his inaugural address, Davis said
the South was fighting for the same freedom that
was asserted by the founders in the Declaration
of Independence.
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Chapter 22 The Civil War What factors events
influenced the outcome of the Civil War?
Learning Goals Compare the strengths and weaknesses of the North and the South and its leaders at the time of the secession crisis. 2. How did the First Battle of Bull Run awaken the need of spies, women, and good leadership? 3. What was the Anaconda Plan and how did the Battle of Antietam bring new realities to the war? 4. How did the Emancipation Proclamation change the purpose of the war? 5. Why was Gettysburg considered a Turning Point? 6. What was the purpose of Lincolns Gettysburg Address? 7. How did the siege of Vicksburg and the control of the Mississippi help the Union cause? 8. How and why did attitudes about African Americans change during the war? 9. How did Total War bring a surrender at Appomattox?
Key Terms Confederacy, Civil War, Emancipation, Habeas Corpus, Gettysburg Address, Appomattox Court House
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22.3 Bull Run
What was the name of the Union plan for
victory? What were the three steps of this plan?
Discussion Q How effective do you think the
Norths plan was?
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22.3 Bull Run

• The Anaconda Plan
• Union plan for victory.
• Surround south by sea and cut off supplies.
• Divide South in two by controlling the
  Mississippi.
• Capture Richmond, Virginia

Discussion Q How effective do you think the
Norths plan was?
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22.3 Battle of Bull Run (Manassas)

1. Who won the Battle of Bull Run?
2. What role did Rose Greenhow play?
3. What role did Jackson play?

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22.3 Battle of Bull Run (Manassas)

• The South won the Battle of Bull Run.
• Rose Greenhow was a spy who warned the Southern
  leaders of the Union plan to attack.
• Stonewall Jackson and his men refused to give
  way to the Union attack and held like a
  stonewall.
• Huge victory for South.
• Shocking blow for the North.

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Bull Run Facts/Summary

• This was the first major land battle of the
  armies in Virginia.
• On July 16, 1861, the untried Union army under
  Brig. Gen. Irvin McDowell marched from Washington
  against the Confederate army, which was drawn up
  behind Bull Run beyond Centreville. On the 21st,
  McDowell crossed at Sudley Ford and attacked the
  Confederate left flank on Matthews Hill.
• Fighting raged throughout the day as Confederate
  forces were driven back to Henry Hill. Late in
  the afternoon, Confederate reinforcements
  extended and broke the Union right flank.
• The Federal retreat rapidly deteriorated into a
  rout. Thomas J. Jackson earned the nickname
  Stonewall.
• By July 22, the shattered Union army reached the
  safety of Washington.

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Bull Run Battle Map
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Bull Run Webpage and Video Links
http//www.civilwar.org/battlefields/bullrun.html
Battle of Bull Run Video Link
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22.3 Five Roles for Women. Read and list at
least 5 roles for women. Circle those you would
have chosen.

1. Running farms or businesses.
2. Factory work.
3. Nurses
4. Teachers
5. Government Workers
6. Messengers.
7. Guides/Scouts
8. Smugglers.
9. Soldiers.
10. Spies

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Chapter 22 The Civil War What factors events
influenced the outcome of the Civil War?
Learning Goals Compare the strengths and weaknesses of the North and the South and its leaders at the time of the secession crisis. 2. How did the First Battle of Bull Run awaken the need of spies, women, and good leadership? 3. What was the Anaconda Plan and how did the Battle of Antietam bring new realities to the war? 4. How did the Emancipation Proclamation change the purpose of the war? 5. Why was Gettysburg considered a Turning Point? 6. What was the purpose of Lincolns Gettysburg Address? 7. How did the siege of Vicksburg and the control of the Mississippi help the Union cause? 8. How and why did attitudes about African Americans change during the war? 9. How did Total War bring a surrender at Appomattox?
Key Terms Confederacy, Civil War, Emancipation, Habeas Corpus, Gettysburg Address, Appomattox Court House
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22.4 1 Antietam A Bloody Affair

1. By the end of 1861, the Union had blocked most
   Southern ports.
2. In 1862, the Union navy captured New Orleans and
   General Grant won victories in Kentucky and
   Tennessee.
3. In 1862, the Union attempted to capture Richmond,
   but failed.

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22.4 2 AntietamThe single bloodiest day of
the War.

• Huge loss of life on both sides.
• Union
• 2,100 soldiers died.
• 10,300 Union wounded or missing.
• --Confederate
• 2,770 died.
• 11,000 wounded or missing.

Burnsides Ridge.
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22.4 3 Antietam

1. Improved weapons made it easier to kill.
2. Doctors operated in poor conditions. Infections
   spread rapidly.
3. Unsanitary conditions in camps lead to a lot of
   deaths from disease.

Union hospital.
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Antietam Facts
The Army of the Potomac, under the command of
George McClellan, mounted a series of powerful
assaults against Robert E. Lees forces near
Sharpsburg, Maryland, on September 17, 1862. The
morning assault and vicious Confederate
counterattacks swept back and forth through
Millers Cornfield and the West Woods. Later,
towards the center of the battlefield, Union
assaults against the Sunken Road pierced the
Confederate center after a terrible struggle.
Late in the day, the third and final major
assault by the Union army pushed over a
bullet-strewn stone bridge at Antietam Creek.
Just as the Federal forces began to collapse the
Confederate right, the timely arrival of A.P.
Hills division from Harpers Ferry helped to
drive the Army of the Potomac back once more.
The bloodiest single day in American military
history ended in a draw, but the Confederate
retreat gave Abraham Lincoln the victory he
desired before issuing the Emancipation
Proclamation.
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Antietam Link and Video Link
http//www.civilwar.org/battlefields/antietam.html
Battle of Antietam Video Link
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Chapter 22 The Civil War What factors events
influenced the outcome of the Civil War?
Learning Goals Compare the strengths and weaknesses of the North and the South and its leaders at the time of the secession crisis. 2. How did the First Battle of Bull Run awaken the need of spies, women, and good leadership? 3. What was the Anaconda Plan and how did the Battle of Antietam bring new realities to the war? 4. How did the Emancipation Proclamation change the purpose of the war? 5. Why was Gettysburg considered a Turning Point? 6. What was the purpose of Lincolns Gettysburg Address? 7. How did the siege of Vicksburg and the control of the Mississippi help the Union cause? 8. How and why did attitudes about African Americans change during the war? 9. How did Total War bring a surrender at Appomattox?
Key Terms Confederacy, Civil War, Emancipation, Habeas Corpus, Gettysburg Address, Appomattox Court House
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22.5 Gettysburg A Turning PointReasons for
E.P.
1. Declaring an end to slavery would discourage
European nations from helping the South.
1. NO slaves were immediately freed.

• 2. Freeing slaves would take away a large part
  of the Souths workforce.

2. War becomes a crusade for freedom and living
up to the ideals of the Declaration of
Independence.
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Gettysburg was a disaster. 1/3 of my men were
lost. We must retreat to Virginia.
If I can capture a Northern city, it might
convince the North to give up!
After Gettysburg
Before Gettysburg
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22.5 3 Gettysburg

• Some Northerners were more interested in saving
  the Union than stopping slavery.
• Some Northerners were sympathetic to the
  Confederate cause.
• Lincoln sent troops to restore order when
  opposition turned violent. He even suspended the
  right of habeas corpus. In other words people
  could be jailed without a trial.

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Gettysburg Video Links
Gettysburg Animated Map and Video MUST
watch-really good.
Battle of Gettysburg Animated Map Really Good
The Battle of Gettysburg Video - American Civil
War History - HISTORY.com
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22.5 4 Gettysburg
Dedicated to the proposition that all mean are
created equal
Lincoln wanted Americans to rededicate themselves
to the ideals of liberty and equality in the
Declaration so that soldiers killed at Gettysburg
would have died for a worthy cause.
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Gettysburg Address Speech Reenactment
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Chapter 22 The Civil War What factors events
influenced the outcome of the Civil War?
Learning Goals Compare the strengths and weaknesses of the North and the South and its leaders at the time of the secession crisis. 2. How did the First Battle of Bull Run awaken the need of spies, women, and good leadership? 3. What was the Anaconda Plan and how did the Battle of Antietam bring new realities to the war? 4. How did the Emancipation Proclamation change the purpose of the war? 5. Why was Gettysburg considered a Turning Point? 6. What was the purpose of Lincolns Gettysburg Address? How did the siege of Vicksburg and the control of the Mississippi help the Union cause? 8. How and why did attitudes about African Americans change during the war? 9. How did Total War bring a surrender at Appomattox?
Key Terms Confederacy, Civil War, Emancipation, Habeas Corpus, Gettysburg Address, Appomattox Court House
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22.6 1 Vicksburg
Iron clad ships Monitor and Merrimac
RR were used to transport supplies and troops.
Technological Firsts of the Civil War.
Photographs were used to record events.
Telegraphs were used to communicate with distant
armies
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22.6 Vicksburg

1. Union built enough iron-clad ships, like the
   Monitor, to maintain naval blockade of the
   Confederacy.
2. On July 4, 1863, the city of Vicksburg
   surrendered and Union forces took complete
   control of the Mississippi and divided the
   Confederacy in two.

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22.6 Vicksburg
Vicksburg Animated Map with Video
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Chapter 22 The Civil War What factors events
influenced the outcome of the Civil War?
Learning Goals Compare the strengths and weaknesses of the North and the South and its leaders at the time of the secession crisis. 2. How did the First Battle of Bull Run awaken the need of spies, women, and good leadership? 3. What was the Anaconda Plan and how did the Battle of Antietam bring new realities to the war? 4. How did the Emancipation Proclamation change the purpose of the war? 5. Why was Gettysburg considered a Turning Point? 6. What was the purpose of Lincolns Gettysburg Address? How did the siege of Vicksburg and the control of the Mississippi help the Union cause? 8. How and why did attitudes about African Americans change during the war? 9. How did Total War bring a surrender at Appomattox?
Key Terms Confederacy, Civil War, Emancipation, Habeas Corpus, Gettysburg Address, Appomattox Court House
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22.7 Fort Wagner
African American Soldiers
White Soldiers

1. Encouraged to enlist at start of war.
2. Received regular pay.
3. If capturedTreated as prisoners.
4. Received regular training and equipment.

1. Not allowed to enlist until 1862.
2. Received less pay.
3. If captured could be killed or sold to slavery.
4. Received less training and poorer equipment.

1. Both fought bravely.
2. Both suffered high casualties.

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22.7 Fort Wagner Video Links (Battle and
Pre-Battle Song)
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Chapter 22 The Civil War What factors events
influenced the outcome of the Civil War?
Learning Goals Compare the strengths and weaknesses of the North and the South and its leaders at the time of the secession crisis. 2. How did the First Battle of Bull Run awaken the need of spies, women, and good leadership? 3. What was the Anaconda Plan and how did the Battle of Antietam bring new realities to the war? 4. How did the Emancipation Proclamation change the purpose of the war? 5. Why was Gettysburg considered a Turning Point? 6. What was the purpose of Lincolns Gettysburg Address? 7. How did the siege of Vicksburg and the control of the Mississippi help the Union cause? How and why did attitudes about African Americans change during the war? 9. How did Total War bring a surrender at Appomattox?
Key Terms Confederacy, Civil War, Emancipation, Habeas Corpus, Gettysburg Address, Appomattox Court House
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22.8 1 Appomattox

1. General Grant meant to wage war on the enemys
   will to fight and ability to support an army. He
   would destroy everything he could to win the war.
   No holds barred.
2. Discussion Is this an appropriate war strategy?
   Why/Why Not?

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22.8 2 Appomattox
Step 3 Grant battered Lees army at Petersburg
for nine months. He finally broke through and
captured Richmond, Virginia.
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22.8 3 Appomattox
Headline Lee Surrenders to Grant---War Finally
Over! Who General Robert E. Lee (Confederate)
and General Ulysses S. Grant (Union) What Lee
surrenders to Grant and war is over. Grant
ordered men to treat Confederates with
respect. Lee accepts Grants terms. Where
Appomattox Court House in Virginia. When April
9, 1865.
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22.8 Appomattox
Discuss question 4 There are many important
results of the Civil War. Which do you think was
the most important, and why?
Appomattox The Surrender on Vimeo
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Claim, Support, QuestionWhat were Lee and Grant
thinking during this meeting? What do you think
their emotions were?
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Chapter 22 The Civil War What factors events
influenced the outcome of the Civil War?
Learning Goals Compare the strengths and weaknesses of the North and the South and its leaders at the time of the secession crisis. 2. How did the First Battle of Bull Run awaken the need of spies, women, and good leadership? 3. What was the Anaconda Plan and how did the Battle of Antietam bring new realities to the war? 4. How did the Emancipation Proclamation change the purpose of the war? 5. Why was Gettysburg considered a Turning Point? 6. What was the purpose of Lincolns Gettysburg Address? 7. How did the siege of Vicksburg and the control of the Mississippi help the Union cause? 8. How and why did attitudes about African Americans change during the war? 9. How did Total War bring a surrender at Appomattox?
Key Terms Confederacy, Civil War, Emancipation, Habeas Corpus, Gettysburg Address, Appomattox Court House