Descent into War, 1861 - 1862

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CHAPTER 14

• Descent into War, 1861 - 1862

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War Begins April 1861 to July 1861

• Lincoln calls for troops to quell rebellion
• States make decision on secession
• Northern advantage
• Population
• Industry
• Southern advantages
• Could fight defensive war
• Military academies
• Cotton
• Strategy for South is to fight defensively, while
  North wants to capture Mississippi River
• Anaconda plan

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Southern Secession
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War Begins April 1861 to July 1861 (cont.d)

• Neither side has clear advantage in civil leaders
• Confederacy called for 400,000 volunteers, the
  Union 500,000
• Bull Run (Manassas Junction) first real battle
• J.E.B. Stuart
• Stonewall Jackson
• Causalities were fairly even, but Confederates
  won
• Women participate in war from earliest days
• Dorothea Dix
• Clara Barton

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Battle of Bull Run (Manassas), July 21, 1861
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War Takes Command August 1861 to March 1862

• Lincoln has problems finding competent generals
• George McClellan
• John Fremont
• War takes tremendous toll from the beginning on
  economy and homefront
• Northern blockade is effective against South
• Trent Affair cuts short southern attempt to get
  foreign help

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War Takes Command August 1861 to March 1862
(cont.d)

• General Ulysses Grant successfully pushes towards
  Mississippi River
• Fort Donelson
• Ironclads enter war in both Union and Confederate
  Navies
• USS Monitor
• CSS Virginia

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Campaigns in the West
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The Union on the Offensive March to September
1862

• With McClellan stalling, Union troops at Shiloh,
  Tennessee, win victory over South
• William T. Sherman
• New Orleans falls to Union troops
• David Farragut
• Confederates resort to conscription
• Seven Days War
• 30,000 killed and wounded
• Conflict was not decisive for either side

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Battle of Shiloh, April 6-7, 1862
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Peninsula Campaign, 1862
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Slavery under Attack

• Slavery becomes more central issue
• Union troops accept runaway slaves as
  contrabands
• Lincoln begins to plan his Emancipation
  Proclamation
• Copperheads
• South wins Second Battle of Manassas but sustains
  losses at Antietam
• 25,000 killed and wounded at Antietam
• By end of 1862, war is effectively a stalemate

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Campaigns in Virginia and Maryland, 1862
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Lees Invasion of Maryland, 1862 Battle of
Antietam, Sept. 17, 1862
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Discussion Questions

• What were the advantages and disadvantages of
  both the North and the South as the war began?
• Compare and contrast the war strategies of the
  Union and Confederacy. Why did the North win?
• Examine the Emancipation Proclamation. What
  effect did it have on the war?
• Evaluate the presidency of Abraham Lincoln. Was
  he an effective wartime president? What were his
  greatest mistakes?