Session TWO

1
Session TWO
2
Life Cycle of Trout
3
Egg

• Trout eggs have black eyes and a central line
  that show healthy development. Egg hatching
  depends on the water temperature in an aquarium
  or in a natural habitat.

4
Alevin

• Once hatched, the trout have a large yolk sac
  used a food source. Each alevin slowly begins to
  develop adult trout characteristics. An alevin
  lives close the gravel until it buttons up.

5
Fry

• Buttoning-up occurs when alevin absorb the yolk
  sac and being to feed on aquatic insects. Fry
  swim close to the water surface, allowing the
  swim ladder to fill with air and help the fry
  float through water.

6
Fingerling and Parr

• When a fry grows to 2-5 inches, it becomes a
  fingerling. When develops large dark markings,
  it then becomes a parr. Local schools that
  participate with Cumberland Valley Chapter Trout
  Unlimited classroom trout raising project will
  release the Trout into its natural habitat at the
  fingerling stage.

7
Juvenile

• In the natural habitat, a trout avoids predators,
  including wading birds and larger fish, by hiding
  in underwater roots and brush. As a juvenile, a
  trout resembles an adult but is not yet old or
  large enough to spawn.

8
Adult

• In the adult stage, female and male Trout spawn
  in fall and winter. Trout turn vibrant in color
  during the spawning and then lay eggs in fish
  nests, or redds, in the gravel. The life cycle
  of the Trout continues into the egg stage again.

9
The Trout Body
10
Entomology (Bugs)

• A Successful Fly-Fisher must know about what
  trout eat.

11
Entomology (bugs) Purpose

• Show how the fly-fisher can use knowledge of
  aquatic critters
• Improve fishing
• Improve fly selection

12
Aquatic Macroinvertebrates

• Aquatic pertaining to water
• Especially organisms living in fresh water
• Macro___ prefix meaning large
• able to see with naked eye
• Invertebrate animal without a backbone
• Insects, crustaceans, worms, others

13
What you need to know

• Trout do NOT speak Latin
• Trout cant identify macroinvertebrates
• Trout know what looks good to eat
• Trout know what food items act like
• Trout face upstream . . .
• aquatic macroinvertebrates drift downstream
• trout eat macroinvertebrates

14
Bug Characteristics

• Shape what does it look like?
• Size how big or small is it?
• Color what color or colors is it?
• Habitat where does it live in nature?
• Behavior what does it act like?

15
Adults have same Shape

• Mayfly adults hold wings up like sails
• Stonefly adults fold wings flat over back
• Caddisfly adults fold wings like a pup tent

16
Match the natural with size color variations of
the same fly pattern

• Choose fly pattern style based on type of water
  to be fished
• Vary the color size to match the naturals of
  the locale you fish
• Use the appropriate stripping action or dead
  drift to match the naturals behavior

17
Flies represent naturals

• Dry Fly fished on waters surface
• Adult mayfly (also dun), caddis, stonefly,
  dragonfly, terrestrial (grasshopper, ant, spider)
• Nymph fished on or near bottom
• Larval stage mayfly, stonefly, caddis, etc.
• Scud, sowbug (NOT aquatic insects)
• Midge fished in surface film
• Adult midge emerging midge
• Soft-hackle fished just under surface film
• Pupal stage of caddis emerging mayfly dun
• Streamer fished in water column or bottom
• minnow, leech, crayfish

18
Mayfly Life Cycle
19
Mayflies

• Egg larva (nymph) emerger dun adult
• Diverse shapes of nymphs
• Dun is a pre-adult with wings
• Adults have no mouthparts or digestive tracts
• Adult female spinners are susceptible to trout
  while laying eggs
• Adult males females may be different sizes and
  colors

20
Mayfly larva (nymph)

• Single set of wing pads
• 2 or 3 tails (usually 3)
• Gills on abdominal segments

21
4 mayfly larva body types

• Swimmers
• Slow-mod water
• Crawlers
• Mod-fast water
• Clingers
• Swift water
• Burrowers
• Placid water

22
Behavior more important than fly pattern of
mayfly nymph

• Swimmers in slow-mod. water
• Move with bursts of rapid up down flips, moving
  from a few inches to a few feet
• Crawlers in mod.-fast water with weedbeds or
  rocks with nooks crannies
• Poor swimmers drift with current while trying to
  get to the bottom
• Clingers in swift water, like riffles
• Good at staying on or under rocks
• Migrates to slower water before emerging as duns
• Burrowers in placid water
• Live in burrows until emerging to surface to
  become duns

23
Various mayfly families
24
Stonefly Life Cycle
25
Stoneflies

• egg larva (nymph) with many moltings adult
• Mature larvae migrate to stream edges
• Known as clean water insects
• Not active swimmers
• Clings under rocks crevices in swift water
• May drift with the current, esp. before emergence

26
Stonefly larva (nymph)

• Two distinct sets of wing pads
• Always 2 tails set wide apart
• No gills or gills may resemble undulating tufts
  under thorax

27
Various stonefly families
28
Caddis Fly Life Cycle
29
Caddisflies

• egg larva (on bottom) pupa (rises to surface)
  adult
• Live as larvae most of the year
• As pupa one to several weeks
• As adults 1-3 weeks (unable to eat)
• Extremely diverse group, 2 major kinds
• Case-building (most common)
• Free-living

30
Caddisfly larva

• No wing pads
• No tails
• May have stubby appendages with hooks at the end
  of abdomen
• Smallish head fleshy segmented abdomen
• Looks like a caterpillar with 6 legs in thorax
  area

31
Various caddisfly families
32
Midges

• Egg larva (2 or 3 moltings) pupa adult
• Life cycle I week to 1 year
• Abundant and diverse - makes up for small size
• True flies have only two wings

33
Midge larva

• No wing pads
• No tails (may have knobby protrusions at rear
  end)
• No legs apparent
• Tiny head
• Elongated, maggot-like shape
• Segmented abdomen (sometimes with pairs of fleshy
  knobs)
• Cant swim, but grub around on the bottom

34
Midge pupae most important to the fly fisher

• Looks like a hunched-back midge larva
• Wings bunched in a dark bundle at the thorax
• Head barely visible body tapers
• May have gas trapped in pupal shuck
• May have distinct tuft at head end

35
Damsels Dragons
36
Water Beetles
37
Water bugs

• Water boatman
• Water strider

38
Fishfly, Dobsonfly, Alderfy Larva(Dobsonfly
larvae are also known as hellgrammites)
39
Scuds Sowbugsare crustaceans, NOT aquatic
insect larvae
Scuds flat side-to-side Sowbugs flat top-to-bottom
Fast swimmers short bursts Poor swimmers dead drift
40
Crayfishaka crawfish or crawdads
41
Clams snailsaka mollusks
42
Aquatic worms leeches
43
Relative SizeCan you tell what they are?
44
Identify
45
Identify
46
Identify
47
Identify
48
Identify
49
Identify
50
End of Session TWO