What do you have in common

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What do you have in common

• HZT 4U Philosophy a quick Intro

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With These People?
They studied Philosophy!
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Whats your starting point?

• What do you think philosophy is all about?
• What makes philosophy different from other
  courses?
• What do we mean when we say things like
• Im being philosophical about ___________________
  __
• (my life, this situation)

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What is philosophy?

• The use of reason and argument to search for
  truth and knowledge about reality.
• Philia love
• Sophia Wisdom
• Literally, the love of wisdom

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The starting point of philosophy

• Awe
• Wonder
• A question
• A puzzle
• A riddle

• Philosophy begins in wonder. And, at the end,
  when philosophic thought has done its best, the
  wonder remains.
• -Alfred North Whitehead

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Beginning with wonder

• Philosophers use thoughtful reflection to
  investigate
• The meaning of life
• What decisions should we make
• How should we live our lives

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As well as on other topics like

• Education
• Family
• Business
• Work
• Play
• Sports
• Medicine
• Health
• Aging

• Happiness
• Friendship
• Law
• Ethics
• Punishment
• Rewards
• Social class
• Euthanasia
• Abortion

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Philosophers

• Study questions not easily answered by other
  methods
• Continue studying areas where thoughtful
  reasoning and argument are important
• Study
• The nature of the universe the place of humans
  in it
• Humans as members of society
• What can we know and understand, and why
• Issues where observation alone cant help

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Branches of philosophy

• Logic
• Metaphysics
• Ethics
• Epistemology
• Social Political Philosophy
• Aesthetics
• Philosophy of ______________

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Main periods in philosophy

• Ancient
• Classical period 700 BCE-300 CE
• Middle Ages
• Medieval period 900 1400 CE
• Modern
• Renaissance 1500 1600 CE
• Enlightenment 1687 1789 CE
• Early Modern 1500 1800 CE
• Late Modern 1800s
• Contemporary 1900 present

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Classical Period

• Ancient Chinese
• celestial earthly realms
• Order within heavens ? order in kingdom, family
• Lao Tzu (604 BCE) Taoism
• Ancient Indian
• Upanishads
• Underlying reality behind mere appearances
• Illusions, Maya
• Yajnavalkya, Gargi Vachaknavi

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Classical cont.

• Ancient Greece
• Plato, b. 428/427 BCE d. 348/347 BCE
• Student of Socrates
• Teacher of Aristotle
• Plato basis of western Phil.
• Socratic dialogues mastery in rhetoric
• Topics metaphysics ethics
• Aristotle, 384-322 BCE
• Topics aesthetics, logic, physics, biology,
  politics, theatre, poetry
• Stoicism, 301 BCE 180 CE
• Zeno, Panaetius, Posidonius, Seneca, Marcus
  Aurelius
• spiritual philosophy reflect on good/evil,
  logic

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Classical

• St. Augustine of Hippo (354 430 CE)
• North African Scholar
• Catholic Theologian Philosopher
• Used Stoicism City of God, City of Man
• Hypatia of Alexandria (370-415 CE)
• Philosopher, mathematician, astronomer
• Neo-Platonist
• No writings left, strong following, placed high
  value on science

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Medieval period

• Great thinkers logic, physics, theology,
  politics
• Ibn Rushd (Averroes) 1126-1198
• Thomas Aquinas 1225-1274
• Shri Madhvacharya 1238-1317
• William of Occam 1288-1348

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Renaissance

• Philosophers embraced a rebirth of classical
  ideas
• Neoplatonism a religious, mystical philosophy
  from the 3rd C CE.
• Humanism included changing educational systems
• French humanist Michel Eyquem de Montaigne
• English philosopher Francis Bacon

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Enlightenment

• Isaac Newton 1643-1727), Principia
• John Locke 1632-1704
• David Hume 1711-1776
• Jean-Jacques Rousseau 1712-1778
• Immanuel Kant 1724-1804
• Mary Wollstonecraft 1759-1797

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Early modern 1500-1800

• René Descartes 1596-1650
• Thomas Hobbes 1588-1679
• Blaise Pascal 1623-1662

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Late modern

• Massive industrialization, developments in
  science technology
• John Locke 1632-1704
• David Hume 1711-1776
• Jean-Jacques Rousseau 1712-1778
• Immanuel Kant 1724-1804
• Gottfried Leibniz 1685-1783
• Jeremy Bentham 1748-1832

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Contemporary period

• Key beliefs that developed
• Deconstruction
• Existentialism
• Structuralism
• Naturalism
• Quietism
• Thinkers
• Jean-Paul Sartre 1905-1984
• Simone de Beauvoir 1908-1986
• Michel Foucault 1926-1984
• Jacques Derrida 1930-2004
• Ludwig Wittgenstein 1889-1951
• Martin Heidegger 1889-1976