Topic:

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Topic an imaginedcommunity

• Aim To what extent have ethnicities been
  transformed into nationalities?
• Do Now Take 2 minutes (Ill time you), and write
  down everyone who you know at this school (first
  names only is fine).
• List as many as you can.
• When you are finished count the names and record
  the number.

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• You will never know most of the people in this
  building, but you think of yourself as sharing
  something with them- the fact that you are all
  SHS students
• You think of yourself as SHS students because you
  share the same physical space, outside of which
  is no longer considered SHS
• You think of yourself as a SHS student because
  this school is independent from other schools
• Essentially, your allegiance to SHS mirrors
  Andersons thesis on the modern
  nation-state.how???

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of the nationit is an imagined political
community- and imagined as both inherently
limited and sovereign. Benedict Anderson

• It is imagined because the members of even the
  smallest nation will never know most of their
  fellow-members, meet them, or even hear of them,
  yet in the minds of each lives the image of their
  communion
• The nation is imagined as limited because even
  the largest of them, encompassing perhaps a
  billion living human beings, has finite, if
  elastic, boundaries, beyond which lie other
  nations.
• It is imagined as sovereign because the concept
  was born in an age in which Enlightenment and
  Revolution were destroying the legitimacy of the
  divinely-ordained, hierarchical dynastic realm

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Key Terms

1. Nation group of people with same cultural
   background- same as a cultural group-
2. State distinct area organized into an,
   sovereign political unit and ruled by an
   established government with control over internal
   and foreign affairs, economic activity, and
   public services (statecountry)
3. Nation-state a state whose territory
   corresponds to that occupied by a particular
   ethnicity that has been transformed into a
   nationality

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STATES
NATIONS
Space or territory which has internationally recognized boundaries -people who live there on an ongoing basis. Economic activity and an organized economy. A country regulates foreign and domestic trade and issues money. Has a government which provides public services (transportation) and police power. Has sovereignty. No other State should have power over the country's territory. Nations are culturally homogeneous groups of people, larger than a single tribe or community, which share a common language, institutions, religion, and historical experience. There are some States which have two nations, such as Canada and Belgium. There are nations without States. For example, the Kurds, Palestinians, and gypsies are stateless people.
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The Nation-State

• Ethnicities desire for self-determination
  throughout the nineteenth and twentieth centuries
  led to the political boundaries of Earth becoming
  a series of nation-states.
• Places like France, Egypt, Germany, and Japan are
  excellent examples of nation-states.
• There are some states which have two nations,
  such as Canada and Belgium. Even with its
  multicultural society, the United States is also
  referred to as a nation-state because of the
  shared American "culture."
• Most of Western Europe was a collection of
  nation-states by 1900

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Denmark as a Nation-State

• Territory occupied by Danish ethnicity closely
  corresponds to the state of Denmark
• Nearly all the worlds speakers of Danish live in
  Denmark
• Nearly all Danes speak Danish However, some
  German speakers on the border of Germany

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• However, Denmark also controls Faeroe Islands,
  where people speak Faeroese, as well as
  Greenland, where most people are Inuit

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Napoleon
Liberty, Equality, Fraternity
Under Napoleon, people in France fought for the
principles of the nation of France for the first
time. Before they had fought wars out of loyalty
to the king.
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If Czechs, Slovaks, Germans came to U.S. before
this (for Germany before 1880 or so) they
wouldnt feel loyalty to a country because
countries didnt exist they would identify with
others of the same ethnicity
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Rise of Nationalities

• Nationalism
• Loyalty and devotion to a nationality
• Mass media helps foster this
• Promotes symbols of the nation-state (flags and
  songs)
• Acts as a centripetal force because it unifies
  people and enhances support for a state
• Acts as a centrifugal force because people often
  identify more with an ethnicity than a nationality

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Negative Impacts of Nationalism

• Sense of national unity sometimes achieved
  through negative images of other nations
• Extreme forms include chauvinism, jingoism,
  Nazism, and others

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Centripetal or Centrifugal?
Centripetal
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Centripetal or Centrifugal?
Centrifugal
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Multi-ethnic Multinational States

• Multi-ethnic state contains more than one
  ethnicity, but has one nationality (e.g. Belgium)
• Multi-national state contains two or more
  nationalities with traditions of
  self-determination (e.g. United Kingdom, Soviet
  Union) Relationships between nationalities vary.

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United Kingdom England, Scotland, Wales,
Northern Ireland
Great Britain England, Scotland, Wales
The term Great Britain originated on Oct. 20,
1604 when James I took throne. Instead of saying
King of England and Scotland he referred to
himself as King of Great Britain.
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The Soviet Union

• Had been divided into 15 republics (now
  individual countries)
• Three Baltic Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania
• Three European Belarus, Moldova, Ukraine
• Five Central Asian Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan,
  Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan
• Three Caucasus Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia
• Russia

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New Baltic Nation-States

• Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania are known as
  Baltic states due to their location on the Baltic
  Sea
• Lithuania most closely fits the definition of a
  nation-state because ethnic Lithuanians comprise
  83 of population
• Three countries have clear cultural and historic
  differences. Most Estonians are Protestant, most
  Lithuanians are Roman Catholics, and Latvians are
  predominantly Lutherans. These 3 groups also
  speak differing languages.

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Russia Today

• Largest multi-national state
• 39 nationalities
• Can be problematic when groups want to separate
  (e.g. Chechens, group of Sunni Muslims, in
  Chechnya)

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New Central Asian States
53 Kazakhs (Muslim, Altaic language) 30
Russian (Eastern Orthodox Christian,
Indo-European language)
85 Turkmen 4 Russian
65 Kyrgyz 14 Uzbek 13 Russian
79 Tajik 15 Uzbek
80 Uzbek 6 Russian
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Turmoil in Caucasus

• Azeris are split between Azerbaijan and Iran