Today is a great day

1

• Today is a great day
• to learn about your BRAIN!!!
• Growing New Brain Cells?

2
(No Transcript)
3
How do we know about the brain?Brain Scans
4
Electroencephalogram (EEG)

• Electrodes are placed on the scalp that amplify
  recordings of the waves of electrical activity
  across the brains surface

5
(No Transcript)
6
(No Transcript)
7
Computed Tomography (CT or CAT Scan)

• A series of X-ray photographs taken from
  different angles and combined by computer into a
  composite representation of the brain

8
(No Transcript)
9
(No Transcript)
10
Position Emission Tomography (PET Scan)

• A visual display of brain activity that detects
  where a radioactive form of glucose goes while
  the brain performs a given task
• Language Development and PET Scans

11
(No Transcript)
12
(No Transcript)
13
(No Transcript)
14
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

• A technique that uses magnetic fields and radio
  waves to produce computer-generated images that
  allow us to see structures within the brain

15
(No Transcript)
16
(No Transcript)
17

• Accidents
• Case study analysis of victims who suffer from a
  brain injury, resulting in variations in normal
  behavior
• Phineas Gage

18
(No Transcript)
19
Lesions

• Lesioning is the removal or destruction of part
  of the brain.
• IE. Lobotomy

20
Parts of the Brain
21
Cerebral Cortex

• The bodys ultimate control and information
  processing center
• Covers the brains lower level structures
• Contains an estimated 30 billion nerve cells
• Divided into two hemispheres and four lobes,
  connected by a thick band of nerve fibers called
  the corpus callosum

22
Top View of the Right and Left HemispheresHemisph
eres of the BrainBorn With Only Half of a Brain
23
Right Side - Left Side

• The right side of the brain controls muscles on
  the left side of the body
• The left side of the brain controls muscles on
  the right side of the body.
• Damage to one side of the brain will affect the
  opposite side of the body.

24
Hemispheric Differences
25
Hemispheric Differences

• Both sides continually communicate via the corpus
  callosum.

26
(No Transcript)
27
Hemispheric Differences Language and Spatial
Abilities
28
The Brains Left Hemisphere

• Language
• Math
• Logic
• Analytic Thought
• Scientific Thought
• Reasoning

29
The Brains Right Hemisphere

• Spatial abilities
• Face recognition
• Visual imagery
• Music
• Creativity
• Emotional Instincts

30
(No Transcript)
31
(No Transcript)
32
Side View of the Left Hemisphere
33
(No Transcript)
34
Right and Left Frontal Lobes

• The portion of the cerebral cortex lying just
  behind the forehead
• Mostly involved in abstract thought, speaking,
  muscle movements, making plans, and judgments
• The Frontal Lobes
• Where is Morality?
• Pre-Frontal Lobe Development of Children

35
(No Transcript)
36

• The motor cortex controls voluntary movements

37

• The motor cortex receives messages from the rest
  of the brain and then sends messages back to the
  muscles of the body in order to control voluntary
  movements.

38
(No Transcript)
39
Right and Left Parietal Lobes

• Regions available for general processing,
  including mathematical reasoning
• The parietal lobes play important roles in
  integrating sensory touch information, and in the
  handling and manipulation of objects.
• Sensory Motor Integration

40
(No Transcript)
41

• The sensory cortex registers and processes touch
  sensations.

42
Right and Left Occipital Lobes

• The primary visual processing area
• Located in the back of the head

43
(No Transcript)
44
Right and Left Temporal Lobes

• Includes the auditory cortex where sound
  information is processed
• Located roughly above the ears

45
(No Transcript)
46

• The Inner Brain

47
(No Transcript)
48
(No Transcript)
49
Cerebellum

• Latin for the little brain
• Located in the rear of the brain
• Helps coordinate voluntary movements and balance
• If damaged, the person could perform basic
  movements but would lose fine coordination skills.

50
(No Transcript)
51
Brainstem

• The oldest part of the brain
• The Midbrain
• Pons
• Medulla
• Is responsible for automatic survival functions
• Located where the spinal cord swells and the
  brain just begins

52
(No Transcript)
53
Midbrain

• The MIDBRAIN is also responsible for behaviors
  associated with hearing and sight
• Pupil dilation and eyeball movement

54
(No Transcript)
55
PONS

• The PONS is responsible for helping to regulate
  breathing, to help with sleep and wake cycles,
  and controls facial expressions

56
(No Transcript)
57
Medulla

• The base of the brainstem
• Controls life-supporting functions like heartbeat
  and breathing
• Damage to this area can lead to death.

58
(No Transcript)
59
Thalamus

• Sits atop the brainstem
• The brains sensory switchboard receives input
  and directs messages to the sensory processing
  areas in the cortex

60
(No Transcript)
61
Limbic System

• A ring of structures around the thalamus at the
  border of the brainstem and cerebral cortex
• Includes
• Hypothalamus
• Hippocampus
• Amygdala

62
(No Transcript)
63
Hypothalamus

• Located directly under the front of the thalamus
• Regulates eating, drinking, body temperature, and
  the fight or flight reactions to stress
• Plays a role in emotions, pleasure, and sexual
  function

64
(No Transcript)
65
Hippocampus

• Wraps around the back of the thalamus
• Plays a role in processing new memories for
  permanent storage
• Looks something like a seahorse
• Hippo is Greek for horse.

66
(No Transcript)
67
Amygdala

• Two almond shaped structures
• Controls emotional responses such as fear and
  anger

68
(No Transcript)
69
Brain Plasticity

• Module 8 The Brain

70
Plasticity

• The ability of the brain tissue to take on new
  functions
• Greatest in childhood
• Important if parts of the brain are damaged or
  destroyed

71
The Brain

• Basic Brain Functions