Nature of Water

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Nature of Water
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Capillarity The rising of a liquid in a narrow
tube, sometimes called capillary action.
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capillarity 1 2 3 4
Understanding Level

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Colloid A mixture that contains particles that
are evenly distributed through a dispersing
medium and do not settle out over time.
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colloid 1 2 3 4
Understanding Level

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Dissociation The process by which the charged
particles in an ionic solid separate from one
another, primarily when going into solution.
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dissociation 1 2 3 4
Understanding Level

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Hydrogen bonding A connection between the
hydrogen atoms on one molecule and a highly
electronegative atom on another molecule, but not
a full covalent bond.
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Hydrogen bonding 1 2 3 4
Understanding Level

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Osmosis The flow of molecules through a
selectively permeable membrane driven by
concentration difference.
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osmosis 1 2 3 4
Understanding Level

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Tyndall effect The scattering effect caused
when light passes through a colloid.
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Tyndall effect 1 2 3 4
Understanding Level

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Meniscus A concave surface of a liquid
resulting from surface tension.  The bottom of
the meniscus is used to measure the volume of a
liquid in apparatus such as a graduated cylinder.
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meniscus 1 2 3 4
Understanding Level

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Saturated solution A solution that holds the
maximum amount of solute under the given
conditions.
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saturated solution 1 2 3 4
Understanding Level

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Supersaturated solution A solution containing
more solute than the usual maximum they are
unstable.
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Supersaturated solution 1 2 3 4
Understanding Level

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Unsaturated solution A solution in which the
amount of solute dissolved is less than the
maximum that could be dissolved.
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Unsaturated solution 1 2 3 4
Understanding Level

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Solution a mixture that is the same throughout,
or Homogeneous
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solution 1 2 3 4
Understanding Level

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Solute the substance that is being dissolved
when making a solution.
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solute 1 2 3 4
Understanding Level

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Solvent the substance that dissolves the solute
when making a solution.
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solvent 1 2 3 4
Understanding Level

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Demo
The Polar Nature of Water
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In this apparatus, the seawater is an example of
a _____. Jul'04 11th -18   A. strong
electrolyte B. weak acid C. nonelectrolyte D.
strong base
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Which of the following objects will float on
water? (Apr'04 10th -27)
A
C
B
D
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Which would most likely cause the liquid in Tube
A to rise?
A. Starch concentrations being equal on each side of the membrane
B. Water passing from a region of lower starch concentration to one of higher starch concentration
C. Water and starch volumes being the same
D. Solute in the tubes changing from a higher temperature to a lower temperature
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Bathwater normally has electrolytic behaviors
even though distilled water does not. This is
because bathwater _____. Apr'04 11th -24   A.
contains isotopes of hydrogen B. has been
heated C. is separated into H and OH ions D.
contains dissolved minerals
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Which factor makes water an effective
solvent?   A. The presence of molecular oxygen B.
Its lack of covalent bonds C. The polar nature of
its molecules D. Its abundance on Earths surface
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The table shows times required for water to
evaporate from identical containers. Which of
these is the best question to ask before
developing a reasonable hypothesis to explain the
data?   A. Why does a lower temperature slow the
rate of evaporation? B. What is the boiling point
of the water after both samples are
heated? C. Why does water exist as a solid at
-15C and as a liquid at 25C? D. How does the rate
of evaporation change when a different
container is used?
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Which characteristic of water best explains its
ability to dissolve a great variety of materials?
Apr'06 11th -25   A. Its transparency in light B.
Its electrical conductivity C. Its physical state
of matter D. Its molecular arrangement
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Power plants that discharge warm water into
rivers have a negative effect on aquatic life.
This is because the higher water temperature
_____. Apr'06 11th - 21 A. increases the
pressure of the river water B. increases the pH
value of the river water C. decreases sediment
solubility in the river water D. decreases the
dissolved oxygen in the river water
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• The diagram on the right shows water molecules
  and ions from an NaCl crystal. What is the most
  likely reason that each water molecule is
  arranged so that the oxygen part of the molecule
  faces a sodium ion?
• The oxygen in a water molecule contains a partial
  negative charge.
• Gravity rotates the oxygen atoms to face the
  more-massive sodium ions.
• Hydrogen atoms create repulsive forces with
  chloride ions.
• Oxygen atoms form covalent bonds with sodium ions.

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A student is working with four beakers that each
contain a clear liquid. Which set of procedures
would be best to use to determine whether one of
the beakers contains only distilled water? Feb'06
11th -43
A. Observe odor Determine temperature Observe color Determine boiling point C. Observe volume Determine mass Observe color Determine pH
B. Observe odor Determine pH Determine density Determine boiling point D. Determine mass Observe volume Determine temperature Observe odor
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• Fish survive through severe winters because of
  the property of water that allows water to _____.
  Apr'04 11th -26
•  
• form chemical bonds as it freezes, raising the
• water temperature below the ice
• B. increase in density while it freezes,
  dissolving
• more oxygen from the air
• expand when it freezes, creating a floating and
  insulating layer of ice
• precipitate vital nutrients when it freezes,
• increasing the food supply

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What characteristic of water remains the same no
matter what is dissolved in it?
A. The ratio of hydrogen to oxygen
B. The ability to refract light
C. The hydroxide ion concentration
D. The freezing temperature
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Which of the following salts has the greatest
solubility in water at 25C?   A. CaCO3 B. FeS C.
HgCl2 D. KClO4
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1. Which of the following statements best
describes this relationship?
A. The density of water increases as temperature increases between 4C and 10C.
B. The density of water decreases as temperature increases between 0C and 4C.
C. The density of water decreases as temperature increases between 4C and 10C
D. The density of water remains constant as temperature increases.
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All of these can affect the rate at which a solid
dissolves in water except____. Apr'03 11th
-17   A. decreasing air pressure B. stirring the
water C. increasing the temperature of the
water D. using larger crystals of the solid
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A recipe calls for 210 grams of sugar to be
dissolved in 0.25 liter of water. After the
mixture is stirred, some sugar crystals remain in
the water. What can be added to the mixture to
help dissolve the remaining sugar crystals?
A. Thermal energy
B. 2.0 g of baking soda
C. Ice cubes
D. 2.0 g of sodium chloride
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The structure of pure water makes it a good ____.
Fall'05 11th -36   A. solvent B. catalyst C.
conductor D. nutrient
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A recipe calls for 210 grams of sugar to be
dissolved in 0.25 liter of water. After the
mixture is stirred, some sugar crystals remain in
the water. What can be added to the mixture to
help dissolve the remaining sugar crystals?
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A recipe calls for 210 grams of sugar to be
dissolved in 0.25 liter of water. After the
mixture is stirred, some sugar crystals remain in
the water. What can be added to the mixture to
help dissolve the remaining sugar crystals?
58
A recipe calls for 210 grams of sugar to be
dissolved in 0.25 liter of water. After the
mixture is stirred, some sugar crystals remain in
the water. What can be added to the mixture to
help dissolve the remaining sugar crystals?
59
A recipe calls for 210 grams of sugar to be
dissolved in 0.25 liter of water. After the
mixture is stirred, some sugar crystals remain in
the water. What can be added to the mixture to
help dissolve the remaining sugar crystals?
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Heat of solution A measure of the amount of
heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of
substance 1 C.
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Heat of solution 1 2 3 4
Understanding Level

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Specific heat The heat taken in or released in
the dissolving process.
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specific heat 1 2 3 4
Understanding Level

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Surface tension The force needed to overcome
intermolecular attractions and break through the
surface of a liquid or spread the liquid out.
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Surface tension 1 2 3 4
Understanding Level

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