Northern and Middle Colonies

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Northern and Middle Colonies

• Puritans
• Pilgrims/Separatists
• Mayflower Compact
• William Bradford
• Massachusetts Bay Colony
• Congregational Church
• Work ethic
• Blue Laws
• Rhode Island
• Anne Hutchinson
• Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
• Town meetings

• Northern Colonies (Leave room for a small chart)
• Restoration
• Dominion of New England
• Colonial Governors
• Salutary neglect
• Pennsylvania
• Middle Colonies (Leave room for a small chart)
• King Philips War
• Settlement differences
• New Amsterdam
• New Jersey

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Puritans Their Great Migration

• Puritans fled England due to religious
  persecution
• Puritans wanted to purify the church
• They were not so pure they liked to drink and
  have sex
• Brought lots of barleys and hop in barrels
• They thought it was their job to populate the
  world
• They didnt want other groups in their
  settlements
• They supported religious freedom, but only for
  them

3
Here come the Pilgrims

• The Pilgrims were a groups of Puritans that
  wanted to separate from the Church of England
  (Separatists)
• They were kicked out of Holland and England and
  then came to America in 1620
• They landed in Massachusetts, but were supposed
  to be in Virginia
• Not everyone of the Mayflower was a Pilgrim (35
  of 102)
• 66 days of travel
• Before going on land, the passengers made an
  agreement called the Mayflower Compact early
  attempt at self government
• Adult males would have town meetings to discuss
  issues

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Pilgrims vs Indians

• We found a place like a grave. We decided to dig
  it up. We found first a mat, and under that a
  fine bow. We also found bowls, trays, dishes, and
  things like that. We took several of the
  prettiest things to carry away with us and
  covered the body up again."

5
Pilgrim Truths

• Half of the settlers died within 4 months
• They didnt land on Plymouth Rock first
• They didnt all wear tall hats with buckles and
  all black clothing
• Squanto did teach the Pilgrims to plant cornso
  would stop stealing from the Indians
• The first thanksgiving was a harvest festival
  in 1621
• It wasnt an annual event and no fixed time
• Harvest festivals were already being done by
  Indians
• Turkey wasnt the main meat
• Not a major holiday until the 1800s..Civil War
  (Lincoln)
• Bet You Didnt Know

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Other Puritan colonies...

• Massachusetts Bay Colony Puritan colony (1630)
• John Winthrop was the governor of the colony
• Boston was called the city upon a hill
• New capital of the church in America
• Errand into the wilderness

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Church

• All male members of the congregation could vote
• Renamed Congregational Church
• Not a democracy much power to church leaders
• John Cotton among early leaders
• Congregationalists could hire and fire ministers
• The male saints handled church business Wanted
  to be different from the Anglican Church
• Also associated with the idea of the puritan
  work ethic Work Ethic- Hard work and religious
  life will bring salvation

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With or without you.

• Some people were predestined to experience an
  afterlife with God
• Only the elected or chosen were in good
  standing with God

9
Blue Laws

• Laws against worldly pleasures (printed on blue
  paper) to repress certain things

10
Rhode Island

• There were threats within the Puritan movement
• Roger Williams was a Puritan minister
• Believed in buying land from the Indians
• Believed in separation of church and state and
  freedom of religion
• This put him in conflict with other leaders and
  was banished
• Founded Rhode Island in 1636
• Called Rouges Island by some

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Anne Hutchinson

• Another challenger to the New England Way
• Attacked the spirituality of the clergy and
  opposed predestination
• Faith alone is necessary for salvation
• Followers called Antinomians
• Greek for against the law
• Only faith was needed for salvation
• Held prayer meetings in her home said clergy
  wasnt needed said she talked directly to God
• Fled to Rhode Island
• Walked to her trial 5 months pregnant
• Dismissed the idea of original sin
• Said she talked to God

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Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

• Who could vote in Puritan New England?
• Saints (male)
• Written by Thomas Hooker (founder of the colony)
• Called for a representative legislature elected
  by substantial citizens
• Male, adult, land owners
• Massachusetts and some of NE used town meetings
  (direct democracyno representation)

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Other colonies began to break away from
Massachusetts Bay

• Leaving Puritan ideas
• Rhode Island, Conn., New Hampshire, etc.

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Restoration

• Charles II was restored to the throne and things
  began to change quickly for the Puritans
• Laws passed against Puritans
• Changed Massachusetts from a corporate colony to
  a Royal colony
• Mass. Then under strict royal rule
• They believed their covenant with God would
  protect them
• James II (Catholic) followed and created the
  Dominion of New England to unify the north and do
  away with colonial assemblies
• Edmund Andros was the governor of the area and
  levied harsh taxes, limiting town meetings, etc.
• Fell apart when James II lost power

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Glorious Revolution-1688

• James II dethroned by William and Mary (Dutch
  Protestants)
• Resulted in a limited monarchy in England
• English Bill of Rights, 1689 trial by jury
• Disbanded the Dominion of New England
• Puritan church continued to lose powervoting
  based on land ownership

17
Controlling the Governors

• Colonial governors would not always enforce the
  Kings rules because the colonists paid his salary

18
Little regulation for the colonies

• Salutary neglect allowing the colonies to
  develop without over regulation
• From 1660-1700, this is how the colonies were
  governedit led to ideas of self government in
  the colonies
• Some signs of royal control still remained
• More English administrators than American
  (judges, etc.)
• Few Americans could gain local political power
  led to resentment

19
Pennsylvania

• William Penn
• Society of Friends\Quakers
• Their beliefs
• pacifism
• no slavery
• buy land from Indians
• men and women equal in Gods eyes
• Created Philadelphia
• The City of Brotherly Love
• Called this test of religion a Holy Experiment

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Middle Colonies
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King Phillips War

• Metacom (King Phillip) united several New England
  Indian tribes against the settlers (1675-76)
• Thousands killed on both sides towns and
  villages burned
• Metacoms death and defeat signaled the end of
  major Indian resistance

23
French and Spanish colonies compared to British
colonies

• The French and Spanish came to America to trade
  and get raw materials
• The English came to settle as well as trade
• Which colonies would be more densely populated?

24
New Amsterdam

• Settled by the Dutch
• Modern day New York City
• Difficulty settling the area, so the Dutch
  allowed in variety of people
• Was separating the English colonies
• King Charles II sent his brother the Duke of York
  to conquer colony
• New Netherlands governor could not raise enough
  men to fight

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New York

• Duke of York claims New Netherland and renames it
  New York
• Gives a portion to his friend the Duke of Jersey
  and this creates New Jersey